Biology: Organisms and energy

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood . A lack of oxygen in the muscles will cause anaerobic respiration: Lactic acid+Energy =Glucose
Respiration takes place in all cells. During exercise, heart and breathing rate increases, which increases the rate of respiration: Glucose+Oxygen= Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy
Plants produce glucose via photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is controlled by limiting factors: Temperature, Light intensity, Carbon Dioxide concentration
1. Growing plants in greenhouses can maximise these factors.i.e. the higher the temp the higher the rate of photosynthesis. However, if the temp increases beyond optimum the rate slows because the enzymes have become denatured
Xylem: columns of hollow dead cells; carries water and mineral salts from the roots, through the stem into the rest of the plant Phoelm: runs alongside the xylem; tube-like cells carries dissolved glucose and other substances to the rest of the plant
1. Water enters root hairs by osmosis 2. Water crosses root cortex by osmosis 3. Water enters xylem in root 4. Water is drawn up xylem in the stem 5. Water moves along xylem into leaf 6. Water vapour escapes through stomata through transpiration
Osmosis is the movement of water from a high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
Water flows into the root hairs by osmosis. The hairs are very fine to increase surface area
1. Active transport is used instead of diffusion because the concentration of mineral salts in the root tissue is higher than in the soil
Fieldwork is used to study organisms in their habitats. Pooters, pitfall traps and quadrats are used. Taking samples in different ways make the results varied and more reliable

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Biology: Organisms and energy

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