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Invertebrate Diversity and Classification

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Lecture 3
Tia Richo
Mind Map by Tia Richo, updated more than 1 year ago
Tia Richo
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Invertebrate Diversity and Classification
  1. Invertebrates are the largest contributer to biodiversity
    1. Ametabolous: same physiology throughout life cycle
      1. Subclass: HEXAPODA
        1. CLASS: ENTOGNATHA
          1. ORDER: COLLEMBOLA (Springtails)
            1. ORDER: PROTURA
              1. ORDER: DILPURA (2:tails)
                1. Soft bodies; feed off leaf litter and fungi
                  1. CLASS: INSECTA
                    1. APTERYGOTA Wingless insects that developed first
                      1. ORDER: ARCHAEOGNATHS (bristletails)
                        1. ORDER: ZYGENTOMA (silverfish)
                2. Hemimetabolous: egg stage but no larval stage, minimal change
                  1. Subclass: PTERYOGOTA - WINGED INSECTS
                    1. ORDER: EPHEMEROPTERA (mayflies)
                      1. ORDER: ODONATA
                        1. Dragonflies- cant fold wings
                          1. Damselflies - first insect to have the ability to fold wings back on itself
                          2. ORDER: BLATTODEA
                            1. Cockroachs produce egg packages (ortica)
                              1. Termites which are eusocial insects - form castes = worker, boss, and soilders
                              2. ORDER: MANTODEA (praying mandis)
                                1. ORDER: PHASMATODEA (stick and leaf insects)
                                  1. ORDER: MANTOPHASMATODEA
                                    1. Oldest fossil species that still exists
                                    2. ORDER: DERMAPTERA
                                      1. Earwigs- have Cerci
                                      2. ORDER: ORTHOPTERA (crickets)
                                      3. ORDER: HEMPITERA
                                        1. SUBORDER: HOMOPTERA
                                          1. SUBORDER: STERNORRYNCHA - aphids
                                            1. SUBORDER: AUCHENIRRYNCHA (cicadas)
                                            2. SUBORDER: HETEROPTERA (true bugs)
                                            3. ORDER: THYSANOPTERA (thrips)
                                              1. ORDER: PSOCODEA (lice)
                                              2. Homometabolous: 4 stages- egg, instar, pupa and adult stages
                                                1. SUBCLASS: ENDOPTERYGOTA- INTERNALLY DEVELOPED WINGS
                                                  1. ORDER: NEUROPTERA (lacewings)
                                                    1. ORDER: RAPHIDIOPTERA (snake-flies)
                                                      1. ORDER: MEGALOPTERA (alderflies)
                                                        1. ORDER: MECOLOPTERA (hanging flies)
                                                          1. ORDER: DIPTERA (true flies)
                                                            1. ORDER: SIPHONAPTERA (fleas)
                                                              1. ORDER: COLEOPTERA (beetles)
                                                                1. Biggest order; biting mouth parts
                                                                2. ORDER: STREPSIPTERA
                                                                  1. endoparasitoids: lives inside other animals
                                                                  2. ORDER: TRICHOPTERA (caddisflies)
                                                                    1. ORDER: LEPIDOPTERA (moths & butterflies)
                                                                      1. ORDER: HYMENOPTERA
                                                                        1. membrane transpatant wings
                                                                          1. SYMPHYTA: sawflies
                                                                            1. APOCRITA: wasps, bees, ants
                                                                              1. 'wasp' tail with restriction at abdomen
                                                                        2. Estimating Insect diversity
                                                                          1. Host specifity- use known host plants to estimate
                                                                            1. Count 1 order and use ratios to estimate
                                                                              1. Utilize size ratios and growth rates
                                                                              2. Vectors are transmitters of diseases. -Aphids transfer diseases from plant to plant, - Mosquito transfers malaria to blood
                                                                                1. Ectothermic: relies on environment for body temperature regulation

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