Disease and Cure

organ transplants cure disease but there are ethical issues. 

Organs from people who have recently died or who are brain dead can also be transplanted.

You can join the NHS Organ Donor Register to show you are willing to donate organs after you die. However, doctors still need your family's consent.

People may be considered if they change their life style: Obese: have a higher risk of dying during surgery so they might have to lose weight before they are considered for organ transplants. People who have damaged their liver through too much drinking might not be considered until they stop drinking. some people think that the people who have harmed their own organs don't deserve an organ transplant as much as those poeple whose organs have been damaged through illness.

Infectious Diseases are caused by pathogens. pathogens are micro-organisms that cause disease. they include bacteria, protozoa, fungi and all viruses Pathogens can spread in different ways:Water- some pathogens are picked up by drinking or bathing in dirty water.- Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhoea and dehydration. It's spread when drinking water is contaminated with diarrhoea of other sufferers.  Food - eating contaminated food. - e,g Salmonella bacteria cause food poisoning and are found in food that has been kept too long or not cooked properly. Air - carried in air droplets when you cough or sneezeE.g, the influenza virus that causes flu to spread this way. Contact-touching contaminated surfaces including the skin. -E.g , athletes foot is a fungus which makes skin itch and flake off. it is spread by shower floors and towels.Body Fluids-blood-sharing needles to inject drugs-breast milk-semen eg The HIV virus that causes AIDS.Animal Vectors-Vectors are animals that spread disease- Anopheles mosquito- carries the protozen that causes malaria (damages the brain and kidneys)- House Fly- carries bacterium that causes dysentery (severe diarrhoea). 

physical and chemical barriers stop pathogens entering the body1) The skin- undamaged skin is a very effective barrier against microorganisms. If it gets damaged blood clots quickly to seal cuts.2) The Respiratory System- The whole respiratory tract (nasal passage, trachea and lungs) is lined with mucus and cilia. The mucus catches dust and bacteria before they reach the lungs and the cilia push the gunk filled mucus away from the lungs.3) The Eyes- Eyes produce a chemical called lysozyme which kills bacteria on the surface of the eyes.4) The Stomach-kills pathogens by the hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Antiseptics are used outside the body to stop disease spreading Antiseptics are chemicals that destroy bacteria or stop them growing used to clean wounds and surfaces. prevent infection not treat it Household products contain antiseptics used in hospitals and surgeries to prevent the spread of infection like MRSA

Antibiotics are used inside the body to treat infection used to treat patients who are who already infected with bacteria or fungi Don't destroy viruses e.g. flu and cold viruses. There are two types. Antibacterials- used to treat bacterial infections work by killing 

Organ Transplant

Infectious Diseases.

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