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Created by Christine Sang
almost 10 years ago
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Humanism
Focus on world-y subjects than on rel. issues
Humanist scholars were pious
Christians who hoped to use wisdom of the ancients to increase the understanding of their own times
Believed education should stimulate individuals’ creativity
Humanities: subject taught in ancient Greek & Roman schools and they started returning to this
Major areas of study: grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history based on Greek and Roman texts
Did not want to accept classical texts without questioning it Studied the ancient authorities in light of their own experiences
Francesco Petrarch - An early Florentine Renaissance Humanist
In monasteries & churches, he found and assembled libraries of Greek and Roman manuscripts
Wrote Sonnets to Laura, love poems that were inspired by a woman
Renaissance art reflects the humanist concerns at the time
Religious figures (like Jesus and Mary) were against Roman/Greek backrounds
Painted also humanist interest in individual achievement
Used perspective
Scientific Perspective
distant objects smaller than objects closer
first time there were 3D paintings
Used shading to make objects look round and real
Painters & sculptors studied human anatomy
Now able to portray humans more accurately
Medici Family
In the 1400s' they organized a successful banking business
Expanded into wool manufacturing, mining, etc.
Ranked richest amongst merchants and bankers in Europe
At the time money was a cultural and political power
1434 - Cosimo de' Midici gained control of the Florentine government
Grandson Lorenzo "the Magnificent', represented Renaissance idea
Politician, patron, supporter of the arts
Had numerous poets and philosophers visit medici palace
Michelangelo
Sculptor, painter, architect and poet
Shaped marble into master pieces
The Pieta - captures the sorry of Mary as she cradles the dead Christ on her knees Statue of David - biblical shepherd who killed the giant Goliath; recalls harmony & grace of ancient Greek tradition
Ceiling of Sistine Chapel mural: depicts biblical world
Most famous architectural design was for dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome
Da Vinci
Born 1452 - artist and inventor, with interested in botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture & engineering
Dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work
paintings had freshness and realism to them
e.g.: the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
Made sketches of flying machines before they were every built
Dante
Italian poet
Wrote Divine Comedy
Poem topics: humor, tragedy, endless medieval quest for religious understanding
Summarizes Christian ethics
Highlights key idea of Christianity - people's actions in life will determine their fate in the after life
Albrecht Durer
Like a German Leonardo
Traveled to Italy (1494) to study techniques of Italian masters
Employed methods in paintings and engravings
Portrays relevant upheaval of his age
Spread Italian Renaissance ideas in homeland
Thomas More
English humanist who pressed for social reform
Wrote Utopia - describes an ideal society where men and women live peacefully
No one idle, all educated, justice used to end crime rather than eliminate criminal
Italian
Northern
Greek and Roman based
Rebirth after the previous disorder and disunity of medieval world
Emphasis on individual achievement
Ideal = person talented in many field
Spirit of adventure & curiosity
Humanism
Perspective
Shading
Anatomy
Focus on world-y subjects
Education important
Adopted column, domes, and arches
Leonardo, Raphael, Micheloangelo
Castiglione - The Book of Courtier
Niccoli Machiavelli - The Prince
Albrecht Durer - like a German Leonardo
Engravings
Flemish painters
1400s - Hubert van Eyck, townspeople and rel scenes in realistic details
1500s - Pieter Bruegel, vibrant colors for lively scenes of peasant life
1600s - Peter Paul Rubens, blended realistic tradition of Flemish painters with classical themes and artistic freedom of Italian Renissance
Erasmus, humanist, produced new Greek edition of New Testament, called for translation of Bible into vernacular, Praise of Folly
Thomas More - Utopia
Rebelais - Gangantua and Pantagruel
Shakespeare - The Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet
Cervantes - Don Quixote
Gutenburge & Printing Revolution
Italian renaissance
Italian v. Northern REnaissance
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