History, Ergonomics and Instruments

licensed primary healthcare professional, oral healthcare educator, and clinician who as a co-therapist with the dentist provides preventive, educational and therapeutic services supporting total health care for the control of oral diseases and the promotion of health.

the purpose of dental hygiene is to

all integrated preventive and therapeutic services provided to a patient by the dental hygienist

methods employed by the clinician and/or patient to promote and maintain oral health

those measures carried out so that disease does not occur and is truly prevented

treatment of early disease to prevent further progression of potentially irreversible conditions

strategies developed for an individual or group to elict behaviors directed towards health, extremely important aspect of dental hygiene services, success of preventing and therapeutic services dependent upon patient understanding of the procedures performed

clinical procedures designed to arrest or control disease and maintain oral tissues in health

collection of data from multiple sources- subjective and objective.

critical thinking skills used to process and interpret the data to formulate a...

establishing priorities, setting goals, determining interventions and predicting the outcomes are the steps of

putting the plan into action

compare the patient's current status with the baseline data. Has progress been made?

each state has a practive act: laws, rules, and regulations governing the practice of dental hygiene.

ethically and morally responsible for providing dental hygiene care to all patients, including those who may have been exposed to infectious diseases.

you represent the entire dental hygiene profession to the patient being served. you should exemplify the traits that you hold as objectives for others.

Dr. Rein employed a "dental nurse" to perform prophylactic and preventive services in his office in

Dr. Fones trained his assistant, Mrs. Irene Newman to perform prophylactic procedures in his office. Dr. Fones recognized that dental hygiene raining should be obtained in college in what year

Dr. Fones started the first courses for dental hygienists in Bridgeport, CT. Fones recognized as the "father of dental hygiene" in what year

27 woman graduated from Dr. Fones program in

the first dental hygiene license was issued to Irene Newman in CT

the ADHA adopted a constitution and by laws in what year

ADHA recommended that all dental hygiene programs be 2 years in length

ADA Council on Dental Education required that all dental hygiene programs be at least two years in length in

ADHA adopted a policy supporting the BA degree as the minimum entry level credential for practice in

Vermont became the first state east of the mississippi to pass legislation enabling dental hygienists to administer local anesthetics under the direct supervision of a dentist in

legislation passes to expand the role of RHD in VT to include practice under general supervision in public or private schools and/or institutions, w/ a min of 3yrs experience, license in good standing for min of 3yrs and general supervision agreement with a dentist licensed in VT in

VT is one of five states chosen to receive 3mil grant from Kellogg Foundation to explore improving access to dental care in the state via a "dental therapist". VDHA is a key player in crafting of legislation that would ensure the "dental therapist" would possess a BS degree in DH in

examination of assessment instruments are

periodontal debridement or treatment instruments are

when the working end of an instrument is centered in line with the long axis of the handle the instrument is

the design name on the handle is named after the

the design number is

the distance from the cutting edge of the blade to the junction of the shank and the handle should not be greater than 30-40mm, this describes the

if the shank length is too short it

if the shank length is too long it

the part of the working end used to carry out its purpose and function, each is unique to the particular instrument it is also called the blade...

very fine line where two surfaces meet- the face and lateral surfaces of the blade is called the

the sides of the blade, meet or are continuous to form the back of the instrument are the

working end of a non-sharp instrument is a

connects the working end to the handle, shape and rigidity are important

for adaptation to tooth surfaces with unrestricted access, mostly used on anterior teeth (ex gracey 1/2)

tools with an ( ) shank are for adaption to tooth surface with restricted access, used for proximal surfaces of posterior teeth. EX. gracey 11/12, 13/14

part of the shank that is closest to the blade

in most cases the terminal shank should be parallel to the ( ) to ensure appropriate blade adaption and angulation.

this type of terminal shank gives better access to deep pockets

this type of shank is strong and able to withstand greater pressure without flexing. it is good for removal of heavy calculus but has less tactile sensitivity

this shank less rigid and is good for the removal of fine deposits of calculus, and root planing. It has more tactile sensitivity.

part of the instrument that is grasped during activation of the working end

this shank has only one working end, it is usually a probe or a mirror

this insurment has paired (mirror image) or complementary working ends used for access to proximal surfaces from the facial or the lingual. they are usually scalers, curets, explorers or some probe

separate from the shank and working end, allows the user to replace or exchange the working end. often the mirror

True or False, hollow handles which are lighter are the best choice because they cause less fatigue than heavier handles

How many handle diameters are available

What handle provides the most comfort, best tactile sensitivity, is lightweight, hollow, serrated handle and is what diameter

the best surface texture on the handle for comfort, control and less muscle fatigue is

the mouth mirror has three parts

name the 3 types of mirror surfaces

the type of mirror surface that may produce a double image is a

the type of mirror surface that is magnifying

the mirror surface which is on the front of the glass, image produced is a mirror image of the are reflected, it is most commonly used because there is no distortion or magnification of the image

the purpose and uses of the mouth mirror are

visual access to areas not readily seen

reflection of light from the dental light to any area in the mouth

reflection of light through the teeth, mirror is help to reflect light from the lingual aspect, while facial surfaces are examined. (used when looking for caries)

hold back cheek, lips or tongue

true or False,
when holding the mirror use modified pen grasp, you don't need to use a fulcrum

when inserting the mirror you should do so carefully and avoid hitting the teeth, lubricate dry cracked lips or corners of the mouth. To prevent fogging you can

when using the A/W syringe the water is used to

When using the A/W syringe the air is used to

how does air aid in the detection of supragingival calculus?

When using the A/W syringe hold using palm grasp and avoid these four thing

The explores help you evaluate the completeness of treatment and aid in the following during treatment

the working end of this instrument is slender, wire-like with a metal tip, circular in cross section and taper to a fine sharp point. it is available in a verity of shapes, single or double ended, straight, curved or angulated shanks

when exploring tooth surfaces a normal surface feels

when exploring tooth surfaces with elevations the surfaces feels like it has

when exploring tooth surfaces with depressions or grooves these can be caused by

when exploring tactile sensitivity and auditory sounds tell a lot about the tooth surface. Clean enamel is quiet whereas calculus sounds

when exploring you should always fulcrum, use a light grasp, short strokes and lead with the

when exploring you need to continue strokes under the contact area, you should roll the instrument handle to keep the tip adapted to tooth around the line angle and never

periodontal probes have long, fine tips engraved with milimeter markings. the markings come in many different styles and configurations. Probes are used to

The blades of curets are divided by the cutting edges, face, back. The cutting edges are

the face of a curet blade is

the back of the curet blade is

the cross section of curets is shaped like

the internal angles of curets are

The shank of curets comes straight for use on ( ) teeth or contra- angled for access to ( ) proximal surfaces

Universal curets

an area specific curet is

the face of the blade in an area specific curet is

the height the number the more bends and area specific shank has and the more ( ) area of use

True or False
curets are the standard instrument for subgingival scaling

the gracy 1/2 is used

the gracey 3/4 is used for

the gracey 5/6 is used for

the gracey 7/8 is used for

the gracey 9/10 is used for

the gracey 11/12 is used for

the gracey 13/14 is used for

the gracey 15/16 is used for

the gracey 17/18 is used for

when using curets only what portion of the cutting edge is used during instrumentation

curets come in mini blades which have blade is 1/2 the length of a regular gracey blade and is used for

curets also come in after five shanks which have terminal shanks that are 3mm longer, come standard or rigid and are used for

This instrument is either sickle or Jacquette (right angle), it is used mostly supragingivally unless tissue is flaccid and loose. Its sharp back can lacerate tight sulcular tissue.

scalers cutting edges can be straight or curved, it has two cutting edges that end in a pointed tip and in a cross section are

scalers should be used with an internal angles of ( )-( ) degree. These angles are formed where the lateral surfaces meet the face

this instrument has one cutting edge with a 99-100 degree angle to the shank, off angled or straight, specific for tooth surfaces, placed subginvally. When instrumenting shank contacts crown while blade contacts root

this instrument has many cutting edges aligned at 90-100 degrees to the shank, of angled or straight, used subginivally to crush and crack heavy deposit, when instrumenting shank will contact crown, blade will contact root.

one cutting edge with a 45 degree beveled angle to the shank, curved or straight shanks, used interproximally on anterior teeth, not a finishing instrument

the correct instrument grasp is with

a firm grasp is for

the non-dominant hand is used for

modified pen grasp is

palm grasp is when

when instrumenting the wrist, arm, and elbow should be in

the neutral position for the wrist is

neutral position for the elbow is

neutral shoulder postion is

support or point of rest, on which a lever turns in moving a body, pivot point

support, or point of finer rest on the tooth surface, on which the hand turns in moving an instrument

the objectives of the fulcrum are

the location of the fulcrum is

problems when trying to fulcrum

substitute fulcrums

supplementary fulcrums

reinforced fulcrums

the effect of excess fulcrum pressure

what end of the instrument is always in contact with the tooth

the working end is applied to conform to the

what is crucial for effective detection and removal of deposits

a (3words) does not harm the tissue being treated or the adjacent tissues

adaption is most difficult at

line angles

convex or rounded surface

cervical areas

proximal root surfaces

the angle formed by the working end of the instrument with the surface to which the instrument is applied

scaling and root planing

gingival curettage (not legal in VT)

lateral pressure is

lateral pressure is used for

activation stroke is a

types of activation strokes are

pull stroke is

placement is

combined push and pull is

walking is

directions of stroke are

vertical stroke is

horizontal stroke is

diagonal or obligue strokes are

circular strokes are

factors that influence selection of stroke

while stroking you need to have unified motion of

patient postions are

clinician positions

efficient use of ( ) for direct, indirect and illumination

true or false, a large factor in visibility is adequate retraction of patients lips, cheek and tongue

to develop dexterity you should