A longitudinal study of 678 sisters 75-107 years old who are members of the School Sisters of Notre Dame congregation
What 2 main factors determine whether or not a participant exhibit symptoms of dementia of maintains a state of healthy aging?
The clinical consequences of neuropathological lesions depend on what 3 factors?
The capacity of the brain to resist the expression of symptoms in the face of existing neuropathology
Cognitive reserve is divided into 2 components: Active and Passive.
Which component incorporates the biological processes and capacities of people?
Cognitive reserve is divided into 2 components: Active and Passive.
Which component is viewed as a measure of the brain's ability to compensate for the presence of pathology?
In what 3 ways do mental abilities change as people age?
Skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement, and mastery of social conventions (eg. abilities acquired because of a person's culture)
Skills that depend heavily on basic information-preocessing skills (eg. detecting relationships among stimuli, and capacity of working memory)
When are people intellectually in their prime?
(Young adult, Middle-aged adult, Young-old, Older-old)
Which type of intelligence decreases more in later life?
(Fluid or crystallized intelligence)
Processing speed declines as neurons in the brain die causing breaks in neural networks. What view states that the brains forms bypasses with new synapses that are less efficient?
Which view of processing speed accounts for the greater loss of information as the information moves through the brain, slowing down the whole system?
True/False: Maintaining 2 tasks at once remains the same difficulty as a person ages.
Resistance to interference from irrelevant information
True/False: The amount of information that people can store in working memory declines with age.
What type of knowledge allows the ability to maximize memory?
On what aspect of the cognitive system does aging have little impact?
What requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty?
An extensive, highly organized, and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance.
True/False: Youthful creativity is often deliberate and thoughtful.
What does creativity become after age 40?
When is creativity largely egocentric and when is it more altruistic?
Which gender are most adult learners?
True/False: Education transforms development and often profoundly reshapes the life course.
Narrowing of goals, selecting activities to optimize, and compensating for losses
Recall of everyday experiences
True/False: Difficulties in episodic memory rises substantially in old age.
A fairly automatic type of memory that demands little mental effort
Which suffers more in late adulthood: Recognition or Recall?
Memory without conscious awareness
True/False: Age differences in implicit memory are much greater than explicit (deliberate) memory.
Difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information
How can someone improve their associative memory?
Very long-term memory
True/False: Intermediate events are more frequently recalled than both remote and recent events by people between ages 50 and 90.
When do most remote events happen?
(Reminiscence bump)
Culturally shared, important life events
(School, prom, graduation, marriage, childbirth)
Memory that refers to remembering to engage in planned actions in the future
True/False: Older adults do better on event-based (event serves as a cue) than time-based (passage of time) memory tasks.
True/False: Once a prospective memory task is finished, older adults find it hard to stop, so they will often repeat tasks again.
What 2 aspects of language production show age-related losses?
True/False: Older adults develop compensatory techniques for their language production problems.
True/False: Older people are less active and effective in solving problems of everyday life.
True/False: Older adults are less likely to consult others for advice.
True/False: Older married couples are more likely to collaborate in problem solving.
Breadth and depth of practical knowledge and ability to reflect on and apply this knowledge in ways that make life more bearable and worthwhile
What type of maturity includes the ability to listen patiently and empathetically, and give sound advice?
What are the 5 ingredients of wisdom?
True/False: Age guarantees that a person will have wisdom.
What contributes to late-life wisdom?
True/False: Wisdom is a powerful contributor to human welfare and gratification in old age.
What status powerfully predicts older adults' cognitive functioning?
Acceleration in deterioration of cognitive functioning prior to death
True/False: Participation of older adults in continuing education has decreased slightly over the past few decades.
True/False: Older adults' willingness to acquire new knowledge and skills is shown through the use of online technology.
Participants in lifelong learning tend to be from which SES bracket?
