Deep and wide enough to allow ships to pass
Hot dry winds from Northern Africa that blow over southeastern Spain
A center point of concentrated activity and influence
Having many earthquakes and volcanic erruptions
A great period of art and learning that started in Italy in the 1300's and spread throughout Europe
A people's sense of what makes them a nation
A section of a city in which a particular minority group is forced to live as a result of either economic or social pressures
The execution of 6 million Jews in Nazi concentration camps during World War II
A revolution without bloodshed that occurred in Czechoslovakia in the late 1980's
The process of selling government-owned industries and businesses to private owners
Government-owned farms where workers are paid by the government and share the profits from their products
A layer of soil just below the earth's surface that stays permanently frozen
In the former Soviet Union, any one of various governing councils that made decisions at various levels
An economic system in which the government dictates what goods will be manufactured
The production of goods such as steel and machinery used by other industries
A Russian word meaning "Openness"; in the former Soviet Union, a policy allowing citizens to do and say what they wished
A Russian word meaning "A turning about"; in the former Soviet Union, a policy of economic restructuring
Peoples who are outnumbered by members of another, dominant, culture in their republics
The intentional destruction of a people
The desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation
Huge portable tents that nomadic herders in central Asia live in
Land to be governed on behalf of the League of Nations until it was ready for independence
Member of a movement founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state in Palestine
The right to decide your own political future
Without religious influence
Past ruler of Iran
A religious leader among Shiite Muslims
An ethnic minority in Turkey
Egyptian farmers who grow crops without the aid of modern machinery
A traditional Arab open-air market
The rulers of ancient Egypt
Money that is invested in building and supporting new industries
Form of irrigation where farmers build walls around their fields to trap flood water and silt
Artificial lake behind a dam
A system for providing additional water to crops year-round
Dry riverbeds and sharp gullies across the North African Desert that catch and temporarily hold water from sudden downpours
Large groups of merchants who have joined together to travel the desert in safety
The older Arab sections of North African cities that are usually centered around mosques
North African market areas in a medina
