uniformly pigmented macule or patch; irregular border; 0.5-1.5cm; benign
deposition of melanin (extremities, gingiva, areas w/ lots of friction)
bronze, dark, or grayish black pigmentation
yellow skin; icteric sclera
yellow discoloration; sclera not affected
yellow tinge; sallow appearance
(nails, lips, mucus membranes, palpebral conjunctiva)
chalky or milky white patches; periorificial areas (perioral, periorbital, umbilicus, perianal)
hypopigmentation w/ slightly scaly macules on trunk and upper arms
redness
dark brown pigmentation;
what drug?
yellow pigmentation;
what drug?
bluish pigmentation;
what drug?
rapid assessment of tissue hydration; speed with which it returns to place after lifting up
short, fine, inconspicuous relatively pigmented hair
coarse, thick, more conspicuous, pigmented hair
excessive hair
(androgen-dependent growth areas: upper lip, cheeks, chin, central chest, lower abd, groin)
clearly demarcated coin-shaped bald patches w/ 1 or 2 possible lesions; very clean (no scaling/inflamm), shiny;
young adults and children
exclamation point hairs (stub-like)
hair loss: entire scalp
hair loss: generalized or universal
(scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary, pubic)
Scalp: reddish to purple plaque, elevated, hyperkeratinosis, surface is scarred
diminished hair shaft production due to marked inhibition of anagen; profound hair loss
Shedding of hair
(seen in Px w/ high grade fever, viral infection, 2-4 mos after birth)
Nails: oil spots, loosening of nail, onycholysis, pitting
painless separation of nail plate from nail bed; starts distally progresses proximally, enlarging free edge
nails: proximal white & distal pink/brown w./ sharp demarcation
nail: thin, concave, edges everted
bulbous swelling of soft tissue at nail base w/ loss of normal angle bet nail and proximal nail fold
multiple, minute, vesicular lesion in a linear arrangement;
exposed areas e.g. arms
bull's eye/iris lesions;
periphery: halo-like erythema
center: papule, vesicle, purpura, bullae or erythema;
extremities e.g. palms & soles
vesicles w/ erythematous base; mucocutaneous, asymmetric lesions;
mucocutaneous angle in mouth
granulomatous; annular/ring-like lesion w/ prominent border
cholesterol deposits; reddish or yellow
eryhematous lesion similar to herpes, but asymmetric (dermatomal, zosteriform)
circumscribed, flat lesion, differ in color, <1cm
(basic skin lesion)
circumsribed, flat lesion, >1cm
(basic skin lesion)
<1cm, solid elevated lesion,
can be: dome-shaped or flat-topped
(basic skin lesion)
mesa-like elevation, surface area > ht; >1cm
(basic skin lesion)
palpable, solid, rounded/oval lesion; marble-like lesion, >0.5cm; deeper;
hard, soft, movable, fixed, etc.
(basic skin lesion)
irregular, relatively transient, superficial are of localized skin edema
(basic skin lesion)
evanescent, flat/rounded papule or plaque, pinkish, unstable erythematous borders w/ pale centers
skin becomes raised and inflamed when stroked, scratched, rubbed, or slapped
circumscribed lesion (up to 1cm), contains serous fluid
(basic skin lesion)
several minute vesicles coalescing in mucocutaneous junctions
several minute vesicles in sides of fingers associated w/ atopic dermatitis
intraepidermal, filled w/ serous fluid
(basic skin lesion)
subepidermal; filled w/ serious fluid
(basic skin lesion)
circumscribed raised lesion w/ purulent exudate
(basic skin lesion)
deep necrotizing folliculitis
coalescing furuncles
lesions that have lysed; when serum, blood, or purulent exudates dry on skin surface
(2˚ skin lesion)
linear cleavage or cracks resulting from excess dryness; painful
(heels, anal area, angles of mouth)
(2˚ skin lesion)
superficial excavations of epidermis; may be linear or punctate
(2˚ skin lesion)
thickening of skin, accentuation of normal skin markings, hyperpigmentation, induration
(ankles, nape, knee, elbow)
(2˚ skin lesion)
depressed lesion; moist circumscribed, resulting from loss of epidermis
(2˚ skin lesion)
disminution or thinning of skin; very red initially, then appears very white;
(2˚ skin lesion)
hole or defect after an area of epidermis and part of dermis is destroyed
(2˚ skin lesion)
fibrous tissue replacement; consequence of healing at site of prior ulcer or wound
(2˚ skin lesion)
scar: remains confined to area of initial lesion (e.g. BCG vaccine)
(2˚ skin lesion)
scar: claw-like spread to adjacent areas, not confined
(2˚ skin lesion)
scar: ice pick type of acne marks; depressed
(2˚ skin lesion)
abnormal shedding or accumulation of epidermis in perceptible flakes
(2˚ skin lesion)
branny powdery/small husk-like scale
(2˚ skin lesion)
micaceous/large or white silvery scales
(2˚ skin lesion)
scale: fish scale appearance
(2˚ skin lesion)
scale: horny masses
(2˚ skin lesion)
keratotic plugs; chicken skin appearance; hair follicles blocked by keratin
(2˚ skin lesion)
TEST: (+) press side of lesion = indentation, dimple or retraction at the center
TEST: sheet-like removal of epidermis by gentle traction
TEST: (+) development of urticarial wheal after slight touching, stroking, or scratching
TEST: (+) pinpoint bleeding after removal of scale
Wood's Lamp: coral red
coin-shaped/discoid form of eczema; multiple, minute vesicles that become erythematous plaques; very pyritic; found in extremities
intermittent, chronic, severely pruritic, eczematous dermatitis w/ scaly erythematous patches, vesiculation, crusting, fissuring; antecubital & popliteal areas
maculopapular rash <3 days;
associated photophobia, post-auricular or occipital lymphadenopathy
painful ulcer-like lesions of mouth; palms & soles have similar lesions; affect children
vesicle w/ erythematous base on one side of trunk; after 3 days, umbilicated lesions w/ subsecondary lesion w/ pus; after 1wk: scab/crust
scaly lesions on palms and soles
(looks similar to pityriasis rosea)
herald patch; Christmas tree or fir tree pattern after 5d
more dirty looking than alopecia; usually seen in children
bumpy, wet lesion
(complicated tinea capitis)
Wood's Lamp: copper or orange
TEST: pressing microscopic slide to test for blanching
