Aim
- statement of what the researcher intends to find out in a research study
Procedure
- ways a study is to be structured or has been structured.
Conclusion
- summing up of the points and a statement of opinion or decisions reached
Hypothesis
- a mere assumption or guess.
Operationalise
- A concept where something needs to be specified more clearly if we are going to investigate it
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Dependent Variable
- something that is MEASURED by the experimenter
Confounding Variable
- is an extraneous variable which affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigation
External Validity
- where a research findings can be generalised
Ecological / Population / Historical
Ecological
- finding can be generalised to the real world
Internal validity
- Which an observed effect was due to a researcher controlling all extraneous variables
Face / Concurrent / Predictative
Predictive
- performance on a test is related to later performance that the test was designed to predict
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[ experimental/ participant design ]
Demand Characteristics - participants more likely to guess the aim of the study
Amount of participants - less/more time consuming to collect participants
Volunteer
- relies solely on volunteers to make up a sample
Opportunity
- participants who are most easily available at the time
Stratified
- produced by identifying subgroups according to their frequency in the population
- participants are the selected randomly from the subgroups
Demand characteristics
- cue that makes participants aware of the aims of the study
Experimenter effects
- results that an experimental researcher subsconciously communicated the expected results to the participant
Single blind design
- participants are not aware of the aims
Double blind design
- both researcher and participants are blind
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[ Types of Experiment ]
Field (natural environment)
- IV manipulated
- DV measured
- Harder to control extraneous variables
Quasi (almost experiment)
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