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Intro to Management chapter 13 quiz

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MGT 13

Question 1 of 25

1

_____ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

Select one of the following:

  • Persistence

  • Attitude

  • Self-management

  • Compliance

  • Motivation

Explanation

Question 2 of 25

1

_____ is the degree to which workers possess the knowledge, skills, and talent needed to do a job well.

Select one of the following:

  • Instrumentality

  • Synergy

  • Ability

  • Valence

  • Drive

Explanation

Question 3 of 25

1

_____ are factors beyond the control of individual employees, such as tools, policies, and resources that have an effect on job performance.

Select one of the following:

  • Equitites

  • Reinforcement contigencies

  • Valences

  • Referents

  • Situational constraints

Explanation

Question 4 of 25

1

McClelland's Learned Needs Theory identifies three needs. They are the needs for _____.

Select one of the following:

  • power, achievement, and affiliation

  • affiliation, existence, and power

  • existence, relatedness, and growth

  • power, self-actualization, and growth

  • achievement, relatedness, and growth

Explanation

Question 5 of 25

1

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic categories of needs are _____.

Select one of the following:

  • physiological and psychological needs

  • tangible and intangible needs

  • extrinsic and intrinsic needs

  • realized and unrealized needs

  • higher-order and lower-order needs

Explanation

Question 6 of 25

1

Which of the following statements is true of needs ?

Select one of the following:

  • Higher-order needs can be used to motivate people in any situation.

  • Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is easy for managers to predict which higher-order needs will motivate behavior.

  • Higher-order needs will not motivate people as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied.

  • The relative importance of various needs changes over time in a predictable pattern.

  • Higher-order needs are only concerned with survival and security.

Explanation

Question 7 of 25

1

According to the model of work motivation and performance, an unsatisfied need produces _____.

Select one of the following:

  • creativity

  • selective perception

  • competency

  • tension

  • efficiency

Explanation

Question 8 of 25

1

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

Select one of the following:

  • A sense of achievement

  • A salary increase

  • A pride from accomplishing a difficult task

  • A chance to learn something new from a task

  • A feeling of responsibility

Explanation

Question 9 of 25

1

_____ are the natural rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

Select one of the following:

  • Performance valences

  • Intrinsic rewards

  • Physiological rewards

  • Motivational cues

  • Extrinsic rewards

Explanation

Question 10 of 25

1

Which of these methods will work best in motivating employees to increase their efforts?

Select one of the following:

  • Asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs

  • Relying on the innate value of extrinsic rewards

  • Satisfying higher-order needs first

  • Setting reasonably high standards to stimulate employees to make use of their abilities

  • Expecting employees' needs to remain stable over time

Explanation

Question 11 of 25

1

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

Select one of the following:

  • Alderfer's ERG Theory

  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

  • expectancy theory

  • equity theory

  • reinforcement theory

Explanation

Question 12 of 25

1

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Reinforcement

  • Exectancy

  • Instrumentality

  • Valences

  • Referents

Explanation

Question 13 of 25

1

the two basic kinds of inequity are

Select one of the following:

  • intrinsic and extrinsic rewards

  • balanced and unbalanced rewards

  • underreward and overreward

  • higher-order and lower-order inequities

  • valence and instrumentality

Explanation

Question 14 of 25

1

Which of the following factors is directly affected by perceived inequity?

Select one of the following:

  • Satisfaction

  • Motivational direction

  • Autonomy

  • Cultural synergy

  • Rewards

Explanation

Question 15 of 25

1

In equity theory, _____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly allocated.

Select one of the following:

  • procedural justice

  • valence

  • distributive justice

  • equity

  • process objectivity

Explanation

Question 16 of 25

1

_____ holds that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Select one of the following:

  • Equity theory

  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory

  • Goal-setting theory

  • Expectancy theory

  • Reinforcement theory

Explanation

Question 17 of 25

1

According to the expectancy theory, ____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

Select one of the following:

  • valence, expectancy, and instrumentality

  • equity, competency, and instrumentality

  • expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality

  • expectancy, equity, and reinforcement

  • instrumentality, equity, and expectancy

Explanation

Question 18 of 25

1

In terms of expectancy theory, when _____ is strong, employees believe that their hard work and efforts will result in good performance, so they work harder.

Select one of the following:

  • valence

  • expectancy

  • instrumentality

  • synergy

  • equity

Explanation

Question 19 of 25

1

Reinforcement theory says that behavior is a function of _____.

Select one of the following:

  • conscious choices

  • perception

  • its consequences

  • environment

  • the situations in which it occurs

Explanation

Question 20 of 25

1

The two parts of reinforcement are ____.

Select one of the following:

  • positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

  • interval reinforcement and ratio reinforcement

  • reinforcement contingencies and schedules of reinforcement

  • continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement

  • reinforcement temporality and reinforcement administration

Explanation

Question 21 of 25

1

_____ can increase the frequency of a particular behavior.

Select one of the following:

  • Punishment

  • Positive reinforcement

  • Referent power

  • Extinction

  • Underreward

Explanation

Question 22 of 25

1

_____ is a reinforcement strategy that weakens behavior by removing a positive consequence associated with the behavior.

Select one of the following:

  • Negative reinforcement

  • Reinforcement reversal

  • Extinction

  • Positive reinforcement

  • Punishment

Explanation

Question 23 of 25

1

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.

Select one of the following:

  • intermittent

  • fixed ratio

  • variable ratio

  • continuous

  • variable interval

Explanation

Question 24 of 25

1

According to business professor Fred Luthans, one of the steps to motivating workers with reinforcement theory is "identify" that means:

Select one of the following:

  • studying causes and consequences of performance-related behaviors.

  • determining the baseline frequencies of performance-related behaviors.

  • assessing the extent to which an intervention actually changes workers' behavior.

  • singling out critical, observable, performance-related behaviors.

  • changing organization by using positive and negative reinforcement to increase the frequency of critical behaviors.

Explanation

Question 25 of 25

1

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of goal-setting theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Goal specificity

  • Goal difficulty

  • Goal congruity

  • Goal acceptance

  • Performance feedback

Explanation