elspeth
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The Second Reich began to collapse in the final weeks of the war. The country shifted towards democracy and to some extent saw a social revolution with a weakening of aristocratic power. However, the German revolution was not a total revolution, as many elements of the old regime remained.

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elspeth
Created by elspeth about 11 years ago
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German Revolution1918-1919Revolutionfrom above 29Sept-3 Oct1918Revolution from below 31Oct- 8 November 1918Abdication of the Kaiser anddeclaration of a republicArmistice 11 November 1918Revolution contained 10 Nov1918-Jan 1919Generals advised Wilhelm to negotiate anarmistice & form a new civilian gov. containingmembers of the Reichstag. On Oct 3, Prince Max ofBaden formed a new gov. containing liberal &socialist members of the ReichstagDemocratic RevolutionSocial Revolution?Authoritarian military rulewas endedReichstag deputies formed partof the governmentNew gov. included members of theSPD (largest party in Reichstag)New gov. and army & navywere now accountable to thedemocratic ReichstagGovernment was nolonger solelyaristocrats & Junkers.Now contained themiddle classes as well.New gov. was accountable tothe Reichstag, whichrepresented the middle &working classDemocratic RevolutionSailors in Kiel mutinied against orders to putto sea. Mutinies soon spread to other portsthroughout Germany. Soviets sprung upacross the country, and there were riots in theRuhr, Berlin, Cologne, Dresden, Leipzig &Stuttgart, Government had lost control.Many ordinary Germanswere involved in thedisturbances.Social Revolution?The sailors & workers' sovietsrepresented new & radical forms ofpolitical organisation which sawpower in the hands of the workingclassThe government signed an armisticeagreement with the AlliesHindenburg advised the Kaiser to abdicate fearing a violentrevolution. He fled to Holland: the Second Reich was at an endand a government of SPD and USPD members was formed.Democratic RevolutionThe unelected, hereditarymonarch was gone, andelected politicians replacedhim in political leadership.The dominant figure ingovernment, Ebert, was the leaderof the largest party in theReichstag.Social Revolution?The man at the pinnacle of the classsystem was removed, and wasreplaced by politicians of working classorigin, such as EbertThe government was formed of representatives of theworking class rather than the aristocratsEbert was ananti-communist, &determined to prevent acivil war. He did a deal withthe army to gain theirsupport & called for earlydemocratic elections.Democratic RevolutionElections held in Jan 1919 on thebasis of universal suffrageElections produced a constituentassembly which wrote the newconstitutionSocial Revolution?The Junker class remained dominantin the judiciary and civil service & thearmy remained unreformed.The Soviets did not gain powerDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node