Yuliya Klyashtof
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Chapters 1 & 2

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Yuliya Klyashtof
Created by Yuliya Klyashtof almost 10 years ago
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Exam 1

Exam 1

Question 1 of 49

1

Biology is ______________________.

Select one of the following:

  • Mostly a collection of facts that can be ordered and memorized

  • the study of living things

  • a separate branch of science from the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment

  • Both a) and b) are true

Explanation

Question 2 of 49

1

A buffer is a chemical that:

Select one of the following:

  • can quickly absorb H+ ions to keep a solution from becoming too acidic

  • can quickly release H+ ions to counteract any increases in the OH- concentration in a solution

  • Is identical to baking soda

  • restore the pH of a solution to 7.0

  • a) and b) are both true

Explanation

Question 3 of 49

1

Pure water and aqueous solutions that are neither acidic nor basic are said to be:

Select one of the following:

  • Buffers

  • Neutral

  • Translucent

  • Transparent

  • Alkaline

Explanation

Question 4 of 49

1

The nucleus of an atom is usually made up of:

Select one of the following:

  • protons, neutrons, and proteins that hold them together

  • Protons, which have positive electrical charge, and proteins, which hold them together

  • neutrons, which have no electrical charge

  • protons, that which a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge

Explanation

Question 5 of 49

1

A solution's acidity is:

Select one of the following:

  • a measure of its negative charge (the stronger the negative charge, the more acidic the substance)

  • a measure of the number of nucleotide bases in the solution

  • a measure of the amount of buffer molecules in the solution

  • a measure of the number of all dissolved molecules in a solution

  • a measure of the H+ (free floating protons) in it

Explanation

Question 6 of 49

1

The pH of a fluid is a measure of:

Select one of the following:

  • its capacity to function as a soap

  • how acidic or basic it is

  • the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in it

  • its enzymatic stability

  • the concentration of phosphate groups

Explanation

Question 7 of 49

1

Multiple atoms linked together are collectively called:

Select one of the following:

  • a molecule

  • an element

  • a reactant

  • a substance

  • an isotope

Explanation

Question 8 of 49

1

Helium is not a reactive molecule because:

Select one of the following:

  • its first-level shell is full with two protons

  • its second-level shell is full with two electrons

  • its first-level shell is full with two neutrons

  • its first-level shell is full with two electrons

  • Helium is a reactive molecule

Explanation

Question 9 of 49

1

Which of the following molecules is NOT formed by covalent bonding?

Select one of the following:

  • NaCl

  • H2

  • H2O

  • CH4

  • O2

Explanation

Question 10 of 49

1

All matter on earth, both living and nonliving, is made up of:

Select one of the following:

  • carbohydrates

  • atoms

  • DNA

  • cells

  • phospholipids

Explanation

Question 11 of 49

1

There are three principal types of bonds that hold multiple atoms together.

Select one of the following:

  • hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and glycosidic linkages

  • covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds

  • covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds

  • ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ester bonds

  • phosphate bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Explanation

Question 12 of 49

1

Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules?

Select one of the following:

  • disulfide bridges

  • ionic bonds

  • hydrogen bonds

  • covalent bonds

  • Van der waals bonds

Explanation

Question 13 of 49

1

An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing:

Select one of the following:

  • a neutron

  • an orbital shell

  • an electron

  • a proton

  • an isotope

Explanation

Question 14 of 49

1

______________________ is the smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance

Select one of the following:

  • an atom

  • a proton

  • a molecule

  • an amino acid

  • a cell

Explanation

Question 15 of 49

1

which five chemical elements make up 93-97% of the biomass in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria?

Select one of the following:

  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen

  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen

  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous

  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorous

  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, potassium

Explanation

Question 16 of 49

1

The number of protons in an element, also called its _____________, identifies the element.

Select one of the following:

  • nucleus

  • atomic number

  • ion

  • charge

  • atomic weight

Explanation

Question 17 of 49

1

Biology is to science as _______________ is to ____________________.

Select one of the following:

  • college baseball; professional baseball

  • basketball; sports

  • American soccer; European football

  • baseball; tennis

  • the home team; the visiting team

Explanation

Question 18 of 49

1

An element:

Select one of the following:

  • is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substance

  • is an atom that has lost a proton or an electron

  • must occur naturally on earth somewhere

  • is a component of an atom

  • All of the above are true

Explanation

Question 19 of 49

1

All of the following are elements of biological literacy EXCEPT:

Select one of the following:

  • the ability to communicate with others about issues having a biological component

  • the ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues having a biological component

  • the ability to integrate thoughts about issues having a biological component into your decision-making

  • the ability to write clearly and precisely about your observations, data gathering. and conclusions

  • all of the above are elements of biological literacy

Explanation

Question 20 of 49

1

Biological literacy is the ability to:

Select one of the following:

  • use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component

  • communicate ideas about biology to others

  • integrate ideas about biology into your decision making

  • all of the above are components of biological literacy

  • only b) and c) are components of biological literacy

Explanation

Question 21 of 49

1

Thinking scientifically relies on which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • objective observation and experimentation

  • learning a list of facts

  • intuition

  • applying your preconceptions

  • statements from authorities

Explanation

Question 22 of 49

1

Which of the following terms and phrases best describes the application of scientific purposes?

Select one of the following:

  • deduction

  • technology

  • junk science

  • statistics

  • pseudoscience

Explanation

Question 23 of 49

1

Statistical methods make it possible to:

Select one of the following:

  • unambiguously learn the truth

  • choose the best answer to value-based questions

  • test non-falsifiable hypotheses

  • determine how likely it is that certain results may have occurred by chance

  • reject any hypothesis

Explanation

Question 24 of 49

1

The scientific method will never prove or disprove:

Select one of the following:

  • the existence of God

  • the beauty of Shakespeare's sonnets

  • the ability of echinacea to prevent the common cold

  • all of the above are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove

  • only a) and b) are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove

Explanation

Question 25 of 49

1

Scientific data:

Select one of the following:

  • must be collected in laboratories

  • cannot be collected in a completely unbiased way

  • are used to support or refute a hypothesis

  • are always true

  • all of the above are true

Explanation

Question 26 of 49

1

A scientific theory is one that:

Select one of the following:

  • is supported by many years of experimentation all supporting the hypothesis

  • is based on hunches with no actual supporting evidence

  • sounds the most plausible

  • is the result of all scientific experiments

  • changes each time a different observation is made

Explanation

Question 27 of 49

1

Despite all of the intellectual analyses the scientific method gives rise to and objective conclusions it makes possible, it CANNOT:

Select one of the following:

  • affect one's opinions about social issues

  • generate new hypothesis

  • reject false claims

  • aid in technical advances

  • generate moral statements

Explanation

Question 28 of 49

1

Carbohydrates:

Select one of the following:

  • act as a relatively quick available source of fuel

  • serve as carbon skeletons that can be rearranged to form other molecules that are essential for biological structures and functions like nucleic acids

  • in the form of oligosaccharides are often covalently bonded to proteins and lipids on the outer cell surface, where they serve as cell recognition signals

  • are a good source of sustained energy when they come in the form of polysaccharides

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 29 of 49

1

The figure represents which class of chemical compounds?

Select one of the following:

  • fats

  • acids

  • sterols

  • carbohydrates

  • proteins

Explanation

Question 30 of 49

1

The secondary structure of a protein refers to:

Select one of the following:

  • the linear assembly of amino acids into a chain

  • the way two or more polypeptides bind to each other

  • the twisting of the amino acids chain into a corkscrew - like shape or into a zigzag folding pattern

  • the configuration of the folded protein when bounded to other proteins

  • none of the above is correct

Explanation

Question 31 of 49

1

Organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon are called:

Select one of the following:

  • carbohydrates

  • enantiomers

  • hydrocarbons

  • fats

  • hydroxyls

Explanation

Question 32 of 49

1

An unsaturated fatty acid in one in which:

Select one of the following:

  • carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain

  • not all of the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are bonded to hydrogen atoms

  • there is an odd number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain

  • there is an even number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain

  • carbon-carbon double bounds are not present i the hydrocarbon chain

Explanation

Question 33 of 49

1

Glycogen belongs in the class of molecules known as:

Select one of the following:

  • amino acids

  • monosaccharides

  • proteins

  • polysaccharides

  • nucleic acids

Explanation

Question 34 of 49

1

Phospholipids assemble spontaneously into bilayers driven by the attraction of their "tail" portions to each other and of their "head" portions to each other. The tail regions are:

Select one of the following:

  • hydrophilic

  • cohesive

  • hydrophobic

  • molecularly charged

  • adhesive

Explanation

Question 35 of 49

1

If your hypothesis is rejected then,

Select one of the following:

  • you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing

  • you should change the level of statistical significance until your hypothesis is accepted

  • your experiment was poorly designed

  • your experiment was a success

  • your experiment was a failure

Explanation

Question 36 of 49

1

On food packages, "insoluble fiber" refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):

Select one of the following:

  • amino acid

  • carbohydrate

  • protein

  • lipid

  • nucleic acid

Explanation

Question 37 of 49

1

When conducting a scientific experiment, which of the following is tested?

Select one of the following:

  • a prediction

  • a result

  • a theory

  • a question

  • an observation

Explanation

Question 38 of 49

1

Phenylketonuria is an inherited disorder. Affected individuals have a defective enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. The substance these individuals cannot break down is a(n)

Select one of the following:

  • protein

  • carbohydrate

  • nucleic acid

  • lipid

  • amino acid

Explanation

Question 39 of 49

1

Lactose is a combination of:

Select one of the following:

  • glucose and ribose

  • sucrose and fructose

  • glucose and galactose

  • glucose and maltose

  • glucose and fructose

Explanation

Question 40 of 49

1

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and _________________________, all linked together by covalent bonds.

Select one of the following:

  • a triglyceride

  • a polypeptide

  • a phosphorus-containing base

  • a potassium-containing base

  • a nitrogen-containing base

Explanation

Question 41 of 49

1

DNA is made of:

Select one of the following:

  • nucleotides

  • four interconnected carbon rings

  • amino acids

  • glucose molecules

  • fatty acids

Explanation

Question 42 of 49

1

Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?

Select one of the following:

  • enzymes are permanently changed when they take place in a chemical reaction

  • enzymes are proteins

  • enzymes speed up chemical reaction

  • enzymes often induce shape changes in the molecules to which they bind

  • enzymes help initiate chemical reations

Explanation

Question 43 of 49

1

One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by?

Select one of the following:

  • cytosine, replaced by guanine

  • guanine, replaced by cytosine

  • thymine, replaced by guanine

  • thymine, replaced by uracil

  • adenine, replaced by uracil

Explanation

Question 44 of 49

1

Enzymes:

Select one of the following:

  • catalyze reactions that release energy, but not those that consume energy

  • sometimes increase the amount of energy necessary to initiate a reaction

  • reduce the energy released by a reaction by one of four different mechanisms

  • are always consumed by catalyzing a reaction

  • increase the rate at which a reaction occurs

Explanation

Question 45 of 49

1

Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?

Select one of the following:

  • thymine and cytosine

  • adenine and guanine

  • adenine and cytosine

  • thymine and guanine

  • adenine and thymine

Explanation

Question 46 of 49

1

Which type of macromolecules is an informational molecule?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA

  • fatty acid

  • protein

  • polysaccharide

  • monosaccharide

Explanation

Question 47 of 49

1

An amino acid is to a polypeptide as:

Select one of the following:

  • testosterone is to a steroid hormone

  • a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid

  • triglycerides are to fats

  • a phospholipid is to a plasma membrane

  • glycogen is to glucose

Explanation

Question 48 of 49

1

Scientific study always begins with:

Select one of the following:

  • hypotheses

  • experiments

  • conclusions

  • predictions

  • observations

Explanation

Question 49 of 49

1

In a well-designed experiment:

Select one of the following:

  • the prediction will be highly probable if the explanation is true

  • the prediction will be highly improbable if the explanation is not true

  • the null hypothesis will not be tested

  • the prediction will most likely be true

  • a) and b) are both correct

Explanation

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