module 4 chapter 19

Is a drug that increases the flow of urine.

Although they act in part by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase , also exert action directly on the collecting tubules of the kidney and promote the excretion of sodium,potassium,chloride, and bicarbonate along with necessary excretion of water.

They lower blood pressure.

Was the first diuretic to be synthesized in the thiazide group.It is used as a diuretic in patients with heart failure in pregnant patients, and in patients with premenstrual fluid retention.

A small alteration in the chemical structure of chlorothiazide greatly increase potency of this compound.

Are structurally similar to thiazide diuretics and work in similar way.Potassium depletion may occur after prolonged use.

May be used alone or in combination with another agent in the control of hypertension or edema.

Is used to manage edema and salt retention in patients with congestive heart failure and in treatment of hypertension.

Is used to manage edema in patients with congestive heart failure and renal disease (i.e,nephritic syndrome).It is more effective than some other agents in managing edema from impaired renal functions.

Are diuretics that act by inhibiting aldosterone,an adrenal hormone that promotes the retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

Is used to treat edema after myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure.

Is a combination of 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 25 mg of spironolactone per tablet.The combined form of the two drugs is more effective as a diuretic than either of the two drugs used alone because the reabsorption of fluids and electrolytes in the kidney is blocked by two methods.

Is used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure,hepatic cirrhosis with ascites and nephritis ,and edema of unknown origin.

Structurally unrelated to the others drugs that are used as diuretics ,this agent differs also in its action in that it is potassium-sparing.It does not cause potassium depletion when used as a diuretic.

Similar to furosemide,this agent works throughout the nephron tubules to prevent the reabsorption of sodium ad water.

Is a diuretic that has been shown to act throughout the collecting tubules of the nephron,particularly on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,to prevent the reabsorption of- and hence cause excretion of-sodium and chloride.

Is an osmotic diuretic and is used to promote diuresis for the prevention or treatment of acute renal failure.It is used in neurosurgery to reduce intracranial pressure and in certain instances to reduce the intraocular pressure of acute glaucoma.

This drug is structurally similar to the thiazide diuretics and generally has the same side effects. Hyperuricemia and gout,fluid depletion,nausea,and headaches have been described.

IS used to manage edema associated with congestive heart failure or hypertension or renal disease.

Is often combined with hydrochlorothiazide because the diuretic and hypertensive effects are increased by the combination,

Is a a commercial preparation containing a combination if 37.5 mg of triamterene and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide per capsule.

Most sulfonamides and antibiotics such as tetracyclines,chloramphenicol, erythromycin,streptomycin, kanamycin, and cephalothin may be used to treat these conditions.

Is the involuntary discharge of urine and most commonly occurs at night;this is known as nocturnal enuresis ,or "bed wetting'.Enuresis is a common problem for children.

The inability to control the discharge of excretions,either urine or feces .

BPH,or benign prostatic hyperplasia (an increase in the number of cells),is an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs in most men 55 years old or older.

Is a subjective diagnosis.It is defined as the persistent or repeated inability to maintain erection for satisfactory sexual performance.