BUTLER MODEL- exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, rejuvenation or decline
Located on the Lancashire Coast in the North-West of England

RISE OF BLACKPOOL

small village during 18th century, however construction of the railway network in 1846 meant more people could visit
Industrial Revolution- the working class (factory workers) had holidays and visited Blackpool for the seaside
Blackpool grew and expanded during the Victorian Times- mass tourism
1899- seawall protections, 2 mile wall, protection from coastal erosion
1872 = 850,000 tourists, 1931- 3,850,000, after WW2- 17 million

ATTRACTIONS

Piers- North 1863, Central 1868, South 1893
Raikes Hall Pleasure Gardens- lake, racecourse, football and cricket ground, skating rinnk, aviary, monkey house,ballroom and a theatre
Winter Gardens
Blackpool tower, circus and ballroom
Blackpool illuminations, Blackpool pleasure beach
Opera houses, Blackpool zoo

DECLINE

In 1987, visitor nights declined from 16m to 10.5m, average annual hotel occupancy reduced to 22%, annual day visits declined from 7.4m to 3.9m, between 1979-1988- 39m visitor nights lost (competition from overseas holidays), air travel became more affordable, people had more disposable income, cheap package holidays abroad, 1990's stagnation- spending down so residents lost their livelihoods and jobs- social and economic problems
Negative Ripple Effect- no tourism leads to no money, no investment leads to no industry, no employment etc
1971- 6.7m abroad, 2009 58.5m
Prices dropped in order to become more competitive- however cheaper accommodation, food and alcohol changed name- attracting a new type of visitor, those looking for cheap nights out- hen and stag parties- encouraged antisocial behaviour = downmarket drift
Long term investment needed- no quick fix

REJUVENATION

Long term investment vital, both private and public
Attractions moved to public sector, new leisure brands- MERLIN- new accommodation, attractions- international investment
In 2003, a rejuvenation project started: 26,700 new jobs to be created, 127 ha of brownfield sites redeveloped, 7m additional visitors per year
New art centre on the south shore. The Solaris Centre built which is a centre for environmental education and the promotion of sustainable tourism- developed by Blackpool and Lancaster universities
2004= 11 m visitors

	Created by georgie.proctor almost 10 years ago

Note on AQA Human Geography, created by georgie.proctor on 20/05/2014.

AQA Human Geography