Endurance exercise that involve large muscles through a repetitive and rhythmic motion.
Indications
- When the patient has reduced cardiorepiratory endurance
- Prevention of primary/secondary cardiovascular disease
Precautions/contraindications
- Known disease to minimize risks and maximize benefits
Procedure
- Any exercise that can be done constantly with the goal to increase endurance as well
Components to prescription of exercise
- Intensity
  - How hard or how much exercise the patient should perform based on a target heart rate (THR)
  - There are formulas to measure for this concept
    - To determine Heart rate max
      - HR max = 22 - age
    - To determine percent of HR max (highest to lowest point)
      - Lowest THR = HR max x 55%
      - Highest THR - HR max x 90%
      - Second method using the karvonen formula also known as the heart rate reserve
        
        Lowest THR = [(HR max - HR rest) x 40%] + HR rest
        
        Highest THR = [(HR max - HR rest) x 85%] + HR rest
- Duration
  - Depends on the intensity but is how long the exercise goes for
  - Typically 20-60 min session this also includes warm-up and cool down time
  - Types
    - High intensity
      - Should be done for 20 minutes
      - But can also be done longer if they are really fit
    - Moderate intensity
      - Long duration typically for adults who are not athletic
    - Low intensity
      - Activity should be done for > 30 minutes since intensity is low
- Frequency
  - How many times a week/day the exercise is performed
  - Typically 3-5 days per week
Normal cardio responses
- Acute response to exercise
  - Increased O2 consumption such as increased cardiac output and blood flow
  - Steady increase of systolic BP with increased workload (8-12 mm Hg)
  - No or slight change to diastolic BP during exercise
  - Increased RR and tidal volume during exercise
- Chronic response yo exercise

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Common diagnostic procedure