Physical Education MTEL

Questão	Responda
open skills	occur in dynamic environments where things are always changing, like during team sports
closed skills	occur in environments that are stable and predictable like golf
motor learning	the study of skill acquisition processes and includes the factors that help or hinder motor skill performance
motor performance	the demonstration of a skill or set of skills
descriptive feedback	feedback that describes the errors made during the performance of a skill
prescriptive feedback	provides suggestions to correct the error
knowledge of performance	feedback that provides information about the quality of the movement during exercise.
knowledge of results	external feedback on total performance after completing a movement
positive transfer	mastery of one task aids learning or performing another
negative transfer	mastery of one task conflicts with learning or performing another
zero transfer	when the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another
Tell, Show, Do	A technique that involves verbal explanations of procedures in phrases appropriate to the level of the patient followed by demonstrations
perceptual motor abilities	Physical attributes that combine the senses (e.g., seeing, hearing, smell) and motion (e.g., coordination, dexterity).
physical proficiency abilities	static strength, dynamic strength, explosive strength, trunk strength, extent flexibility, dynamic flexibility, gross body coordination, gross body equilibrium, stamina
auditory discrimination	The ability to tell the difference between one sound and another sound
visual discrimination	ability to compare and contrast objects
Kinesthetic Discrimination	the ability to detect small changes in muscle movement which involves large gross motor movements
constraints	boundaries that limit or promote movement options
arousal	Activation of the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the muscles and glands
anxiety	The condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen
trait anxiety	internal anxiety that an individual brings to the speaking situation; not dependent on the specific situation
state anxiety	temporary feeling of anxiety elicited by a threatening situation
Locomotor movement	fundamental movement skills that allow an individual to move from one place to another (walking, skipping, jumping, hopping, leaping, sliding, galloping and running)
Non-locomotor skills	fundamental movements that consist of moving without traveling (bending, twisting, curling, stretching, reaching, pulling, turning, and swaying)
movement concepts	often taught with non-locomotor movements include personal space, levels, directions, and relationships with the body
skill themes	include balancing, jumping and landing, and transferring weight
rhythmic activity	combination of body movements and music or sounds
creative movement	use the body (with or without sound) to communicate
general space	space that does not belong to anyone and is used for students to travel during activities
personal space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
manipulative skills	Use body parts to propel or receive an object, controlling objects primarily with the hands and feet. Bouncing/Dribbling, catching, kicking, rolling, striking, throwing, trapping.
mirroring	when partners are positioned face-to-face, and one partner copies the other
matching	when partners are positioned side-by-side, and one partner copies the other
agility	the ability to move quickly in various directions while maintaining control
balance	what keeps the body stable and upright , which helps keeps the body in control
line dance	No partners needed. Dancers are in rows as they all perform the same rhythmic patterns. Popular at social events.
verbal cues	are action verbs that should be just a few words or less, as students are better able to focus their attention and remember short phrases (squish the bug)
flow	the contrast between smooth and jerky movements, and the contrast between free and bound movements
smooth movements	are fluid and cues often used to convey this concept are glide, melt, and ooze
jerky movements	rigid, and cues used to describe this movement include rough and bouncy
free movement	movement is controlling the body rather than the body controlling the movement
bound movements	voluntary and controlled and appear tense or stiff at times, like when lifting a heavy object
effort	movement concept category that includes time, force and flow
buoyancy	the ability to float in water or air or some other fluid
drag	resistance by friction from air or water moving over a surface
Newton's First Law	An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force (Law of Inertia)
gravity	an external force that attracts a body or object towards the earth's center and is commonly referred to as gravitational pull
stability	the body's ability to regain balance after displacement
Torque	a turning or twisting force
pathways	a movement concept under the space and spatial awareness (where the body moves) movement concept category 1. Straight 2. Curved 3. Zigzag
levels	a movement concept under the space and spatial awareness (where the body moves) movement concept category 1. low, or below the knees (crawling) 2. medium, or between the knees (walking) 3. high, or above the shoulders (walking on tiptoes)
base of support	the space between the feet that bears the weight of the body
conditioning	the process of getting the body prepared for the physical demands of physical activity and exercise
progressive overload	To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury
invasion games	Any team which players have to penetrate the territory of the opponent, and either enter a goal themselves or put a ball of some kind into a goal
net sports	are sports where you hit something over a net. Ex: Volleyball, tennis, ping pong, badminton
combative activities	include fencing, wrestling and martial arts
self-efficacy	One's belief in his or her own ability
variable practice	practice involving the performance of skills in a wide variety of contexts
part practice	a practice strategy that involves practicing parts of a skill before practicing the whole skill
Scope and Sequence	a gradual building of concepts and skills that consider the development rather than the age of the student
Tactical Games Approach	A teaching model that focuses on helping students understand the tactics or strategies of playing the game, more so than the physical skills needed for playing the game, also referred to as teaching games for understanding.
practice specificity	practice should resemble the game or competition as much as possible
folk dance	traditional dances that have been handed from one generation to another, cultural traditions and customs
ethnic dance	an indigenous dance from a certain race or country
square dancing	A partnered-group dance, usually beginning with dancers in groups of four facing each other. Dancers follow commands being shouted by a caller
orienteering	a competitive sport in which participants find their way to various checkpoints across rough country with the aid of a map and compass, the winner being the one with the lowest elapsed time
periodization of training	the systematic division of the training year into periods that allow for optimal performance development during the competitive season 1. transition or post-season stage 2. preparation or pre-season stage 3. competition phase
Cardiovascular Endurance	ability of heart to provide oxygen to muscles during physical activity for prolonged period of time
hypokinetic disease	disease associated with a lack of exercise
metabolic syndrome	A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
musculoskeletal system	the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
circulatory system	the body system made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. This system moves materials to and from the body cells
respiratory system	system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs
digestive system	Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
excretory system	the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance
endocrine system	Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
integumentary system	skin, hair, nails
sympathtic nervous system	the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
parasympathetic nervous system	the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
Muscular Strength	The amount of force a muscle can exert
Muscular Endurance	the ability of your muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring
body composition	the ratio of body fat to lean body tissue, such as bone, muscle, and fluid
FITT training	Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
SMART goals	Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
pedometer	An instrument that measures distance walked
accelerometer	instrument for measuring acceleration or vibrations
vasodilation	widening of blood vessels
HIIT training	High Intensity Interval Training
Fartlek training	This type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain (Fartlek is Swedish for 'Speed play')
MHR	maximum heart rate
THRZ	target heart rate zone
RHR	resting heart rate
Hyperthermia	Abnormally high body temperature
Hypothermia	abnormally low body temperature
Frostnip vs Frostbite	- Nip: Affected skin is cold & painful - Bite: cold & numb
core muscles	the trunk muscles extending from the hips to the upper back
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)	Stretch muscle statically, contract and stretch muscle statically beyond initial static stretch, done with a partner
Split Training	Is a program of weight training that divides training sessions by body regions.
Contraindications	risky movements to avoid that include jerky movements, locking of the joints, hyperextension, and fast and uncontrolled movements
Macronutirents	carbs (45% - 65% of diet), proteins (12% - 20% of diet), fats (20% - 35% of diet)
Micronutrients	vitamins and minerals
Calories	A unit used to measure the amount of energy contained in foods
Five food groups	fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy
BMI	body mass index
Ectomorph	tall and skinny, have difficult time gaining weight
endomorphs	tend to be short and stout and have large bones
Mesomorph	a person with a compact and muscular body build
Skinfolds	layers of fat under the skin that are measured to determine body fatness
BMR	basal metabolic rate (number of calories required to keep body functioning at rest)
Heredity	Passing of traits from parents to offspring
fad diets	weight-loss plans that are popular for only a short time
quackery	exaggerated, non-scientific claims about the benefits or effectiveness of a product
sports education model	Focuses on actual sports seasons and athletics teams as the grounds for planning and teaching sports to create the desire for a lifetime of physical activity
Movement Education	is the foundation of physical education programs and is where the direct physical application of psychomotor, cognitive, and affective domains derived, as well as the movement concepts of spatial awareness, effort, and relationships of the body
Skills theme approach	an elementary physical education framework that aids in the development of the fundamental movement skills (locomotor, non-locomotor, manipulative) with an overarching goal to ensure that students are proficient or competent in these areas
ALT-PE	academic learning time in physical education
Title IX of Education Act of 1972	forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs, including athletics
guided discovery	when the teacher structures the environment to where students can figure out or solve the problem on their own (a.k.a - problem solving approach)
Physical Literacy	the ability to move with competence and confidence in a wide variety of physical activities in multiple environments that benefit the healthy development of the whole person
SHAPE America	Society of Health and Physical Educators America
Presidential Youth Fitness Program (PYFP)	an assessment that focuses on providing information on student health based on FitnessGram or Brockport Physical Fitness Test results
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)	given greater latitude to individual states for decision making regarding content area standards, assessment techniques, and corrective actions for low performing schools
liability	is a violation of responsibilities (aka duty) usually attributed to negligence
negligence	misconduct that includes failure to create a safe environment that eliminates or reduces the risk of harm
malfeasance	a type of negligence when a teacher engages in misconduct by committing an unlawful act
Misfeasance	where the teacher adheres to proper protocols, but implements them inappropriately (improperly spotting a student on bench press)
Nonfeasance	when a teacher fails to act (example: if a teacher knows how to spot a student performing the bench press but does not do so, they can be held liable if injury occurs)
abuse	physical or emotional harm to someone
exploitation	the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)	A special education law that requires schools to educate students with disabilities in least restrictive environments to the greatest extent of their abilities using plans tailored to the individual needs of the students
Adapted Physical Education	Modified physical activity in educational settings for students with disabilities
Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)	Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) A Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. FERPA gives parents certain rights with respect to their children's education records. These rights transfer to the student when he or she reaches the age of 18 or attends a school beyond the high school level.
RICE	rest, ice, compression, elevation
Isometric Exercise	involve holding the body in a position with no muscle or joint movement. They help build muscular strength and endurance and are popular rehabilitation exercises (plank, wall sits)
Concentric movement vs. Eccentric movement	Image: Concentric Vs Eccentric (binary/octet-stream)

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Physical Education MTEL

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	Criado por Jake Wisniewski mais de 3 anos atrás