unit 2.2 programming

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Mapa Mental sobre unit 2.2 programming, criado por Tania Linu em 24-01-2019.
Tania Linu
Mapa Mental por Tania Linu, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Tania Linu
Criado por Tania Linu mais de 6 anos atrás
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unit 2.2 programming
  1. A memory location where information relevant to the program is called: 'a variable' if it changes throughout the program or, 'a constant' if it is fixed for the duration of the program
    1. Variables are from which we build up our programs: whole numbers, real numbers, string, boolean
      1. RAM is divided in memory locations with long hexadecimal
        1. Constants: are values that don't change as the program runs
          1. Analogy with spreadsheets : a grid of memory locations(cells) can hold values . Each cell has an address/label and holds a value or a reference to another address
            1. Computers are general purpose problem solving machines, they need: raw materials(inputs), time and instructions to process the inputs, the results(outputs)
              1. Variable: memory location with a descriptive label
                1. Operators: represent the operations that are performed on the data + - / * ^
                  1. Pseudocode for string operations: convert a string to UPPERCASE. convert a string to lowercase. length of a string. substring
                    1. ARITHMETIC OPERATORS: + Addition - Subtracion * Multiplication / Division MOD modulus DIV Quotient ^ Exponentiation
                      1. COMPARISON OPERATORS: == equal to != not equal to < less than <=less than or equal to > greater than >= greater or equal to
                        1. Benefits of sequencing: each line follows the next. Create simple programs very quickly. Easy to follow for a small program. Fundamental principal of a program- start at the top and finish at the bottom
                          1. Disadvantages of sequencing: not at all efficient. Becomes very difficult to follow with large programs. Extremely hard to maintain.
                            1. Text files are used to store a variety of data: lists of names, logs of events, tables of data
                              1. String handling: to get the length of the string, to get a substring, the string will start with the 0th character, ascii conversion
                                1. Tabulation- the process of writing data to a table is known as tabulation
                                  1. SQL- Standard Query Language
                                    1. Nested select refers to multi-stage filtering.Limitations of the nested select: no sorting allowed. must be in ( ). can only return one column usually. should only return one row
                                      1. Array is an ordered collection of related data where each element is accessible by a number(index)
                                        1. Sub programs can be used to save time and simplify code. The main types of sub programs are procedures and functions.
                                          1. Procedure: are sets of instructions stored under one name
                                            1. Functions: are similar to procedures but always return a value to the main program.
                                              1. Variables and constants both run data. Variables will always return a value and can be changed whereas constants bring back a value but cannot be changed.
                                                1. Two programming constructs are selection and sequence.
                                                  1. Integers are whole numbers. String are text. Boolean is true/false. Real data can be numbers with decimals.
                                                    1. Casting is when the values for a variable can be interpreted.
                                                      1. Database record is a data for an entity in a set of database.
                                                        1. SQL- Select, From, Where

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