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1921986
Changes in Italy 1896 - 1914
Descrição
Economic growth in Italy between 1896 and 1914; its subsequent social and political consequences
Sem etiquetas
as history
edexcel
unit 1
italy
as history
italy 1896 - 1943
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choccyaya
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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choccyaya
aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Changes in Italy 1896 - 1914
Economy
Economic 'miracle'
Anotações:
period of rapid economic development in Italy
monetary development
1893-4: old banking system crashes
1893: Giolitti founds Bank of Italy
manages currency
better banking system
acts as a lender of last resort
lends to private banks in crisis to prevent them from collapsing
Anotações:
Most National Banks do this if they feel it is in national interest to do so.
prevents further financial crises
new banking system develops
better access to long-term credit
Banca Commerciale Italiana receives investment from Germany and Austria
used for industrial + technological development
new attitude to government expenditure
Sonnino balances state budgets
public spending cut
government deficit disappears
annual surplus 1899 - 1910
raw materials taxed
stabilises currency
foreign investors have more trust in Italy
access to further foreign credit
also due to remittance from emigrants to USA + Argentina
1914: 5 lire to 1$; 25 lire to £1 despite a trade deficit
power and production
result of monetary development
HEP develops in Alpine valleys
Anotações:
Hydroelectric power
alternate source of energy
1898: 50kW energy; 1914: 1 million kW
steel production grows as a result
1900: 140,000 tons; 1913: 930,000
Terni plant becomes leading steel producer
Anotações:
Becomes biggest steel plant dependent on HEP in the world
coal still imported
imports grow: 4 million tons per year ---> 11 million tons per year
increased industrial activity made possible by domestic financial stability and foreign investment
encouraged by government
tariffs
encouraged domestic production
helped HEP reach its potential
commissions ships and railways to be built
encourages steel + iron production
textile industries become mechanised
agricultural industry develops
more wheat production
sugar beet industry
new land made available
land reclamation
drainage schemes
widens N/S divide
most industrialisation happens in the north
north united economically
resentment in south increases
Society
mass industrialisation
more people move to cities/ work in factories
emergence of a working class
many unskilled workers rather than few skilled workers
many adopt socialist ideas
spread through trade unions
birth of mass politics
common people participate in politics instead of it being dominated by elites
first time people are introduced to new political ideas
instead of following government
poor living conditions + bad wages prompt workers to campaign for change
1914: 13,000 people working in sugar refineries
1914: 6,000 people working in the car industry in Turin
Politics
1892: Socialist Party (PSI) set up by Turati
1900: PSI gains 216,000 votes and 32 deputies in the Chamber
1913: gains 25% of votes
not very big or influential
never had more than 500,000 members
often argued + split up
1913: moderate reformist party emerges
kicked out of PSI for showing support for the king
1908: Syndicalist party emerges
Anotações:
Wanted to push for change through strike action
reduced their effectiveness
never a real threat to the government
too small for revolution
has little support from working classes
their circumstances would have to worsen significantly for them to turn to socialism
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