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22777219
Rivers Mind-Map
Descrição
A basic geography mind-map on rivers and how they erode the land. Good for studying.
Sem etiquetas
geography
rivers
stages
features
geography
first year
Mapa Mental por
Ben Moroney
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Mais
Menos
Criado por
Ben Moroney
quase 4 anos atrás
28
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Resumo de Recurso
Rivers Mind-Map
Features
Source = Beginning of a river
Course of River = Route taken towards the sea
Tributary = Smaller river/stream that joins a larger river
Confluence = Where a tributary joins a river
Mouth = Where a river enters the sea
Estuary = Part of a river mouth that's tidal
River Basin = Area of land drained by a river
Watershed = High ground separating river basins
Erosion (n) = Gradual wearing away of land
3 Stages of a River
Upper/Youthful Stage
Valley has narrow floor and steep sides
Small amount of water but very fast
Most energy used to erode
Features: V-shaped valley, waterfalls, interlocking spurs, potholes
V-Shaped Valley
Get name from shape
Landscape eroded in shape of a V
Vertical Erosion occurs. River cuts into river bed, making it deeper. Creates a narrow, deep valley
Mechanical weathering & mass movement
e.g. River Liffey
Interlocking Spurs
River meets areas of hard rock
Cannot erode these so instead flows around them while eroding downstream
Zigzag course
e.g. River Moy
Waterfalls
Rivers flow over areas of hard & soft rock
River erodes the soft rock but can't erode the hard rock
Falling water erodes deeper into the bed, creating a Plunge Pool
e.g. Iquazu Falls
One of the widest waterfalls in the world (1.5 miles across)
On the border between Argentina & Brazil
13 million litres of water spill over per second
Found towards the end of its river
Middle/Mature Stage
Valley has wider floor and sides are more gently sloping
River starts slowing & deposits some materials
Features: Wide river valley, meanders, flood plains
Meanders
Bends/curves along the river
Formed by erosion and deposition
Erosion occurs on one side while deposition occurs on the other
e.g. River Shannon
Lower/Old Stage
Valley has flat floor and gentle sides
Carrying lots of sand & silt
Moving over flat land so moving slowly
Lots of deposition
Creates many features/landforms
Features: Ox-bow lakes, levees, deltas
Ox-Bow Lakes
Horseshoe shaped lake found beside a river
Formed when continued erosion and deposition create very pronounced meanders
Eventually the river cuts through the neck of the meander
Deposition then occurs which separates the ox-bow lake from the river
Erosion Processes
Hydraulic Action = Force of moving water wears away banks and bed of river
Abrasion = Small stones carried by river wear away at banks and bed of river
Attrition = Small stones wear down as they hit each other
Solution = Rocks and soil are dissolved by acid in water
Erosion Ability
Speed of river (steeper = faster)
Volume (more water = increased ability to carry material)
Transporting Material
All rivers carry material
e.g. sand, stones
River's Load = All material
River Transportation = River moves its load
Traction = Large stones rolled along river bed
Saltation = Small stones bounced along river bed
Suspension = Light material (sand, silt, etc.) is carried (floating) in river
Solution = Dissolved materials are carried by river
River Deposition
Deposits materials when:
River slows (flatter land)
Volume decreases (e.g. drought)
River reaches sea
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