2516362
Descrição
Mapa Mental por danielle cox, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por danielle cox
aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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thinking 2: problem solving
- algorithims and heuristics
- algorithms are procedures that
garnet a solution to a problem
- heuristics
- Strategy that works under some
circumstances but does not
guarantee success.
- quicker and easier than
algorithms but no guaranteed
accuracy
- works by assumption
- Strategy that works under some
circumstances but does not
guarantee success.
- algorithms are procedures that
garnet a solution to a problem
- how people reason
- • Deductive reasoning argues from the general to the specific –
All men are mortal – Socrates is a man – So, Socrates is mortal •
But, we tend to use the reverse process, called inductive
reasoning • In inductive reasoning we make generalisations
based on individual instances (“the flowers delighted my mom
on her last birthday, therefore . . . “) • Advantages and
Disadvantages (Hume: drawing uncertain conclusions from
limited experience)
- • Deductive reasoning argues from the general to the specific –
All men are mortal – Socrates is a man – So, Socrates is mortal •
But, we tend to use the reverse process, called inductive
reasoning • In inductive reasoning we make generalisations
based on individual instances (“the flowers delighted my mom
on her last birthday, therefore . . . “) • Advantages and
Disadvantages (Hume: drawing uncertain conclusions from
limited experience)
- hierarchical process of problem solving
- breaking problems down
o subproblems to
becomee routine i.e.
chunking
- breaking problems down
o subproblems to
becomee routine i.e.
chunking
- experts and novices
- expertise
- Expertise is an unusually high
level of acquired knowledge
or skill in a particular domain.
- Expertise is an unusually high
level of acquired knowledge
or skill in a particular domain.
- automaticity
- more and faster subroutines, more and bigger chunks
- more and faster subroutines, more and bigger chunks
- expertise
- obstacles to problem solving
- functional fixedness
- Tendency to think of things only in terms of
their usual functions.
- Tendency to think of things only in terms of
their usual functions.
- mental sets
- A mental set narrows our perspective and
restricts our ability to try different
methods.
- A mental set narrows our perspective and
restricts our ability to try different
methods.
- functional fixedness
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