1a) .... 2 assumptions of the.....Approach

BIOLOGICAL
1. Hormones
  1. produced in
    1. pituitary gland
  2. transmit messages around the body
    1. via bloodstream
      1. slower
      2. longerlasting
  3. different hormones = different b
  4. testosterone
    1. aggression
    2. males produce more
      1. males more aggressive
  5. oxytosin
    1. love
    2. bonding
    3. empathy
    4. trust
2. Neuro-chemicals
  1. carry messages across the synapses between neurons
    1. messages sent around nervous system
  2. different neurochemicals cause different behaviours
  3. serotonin
    1. sleep
    2. arousal
    3. mood
    4. optimum levels
      1. stimluated
      2. happy
    5. low levels
      1. sluggish
      2. depressed
PSYCHO-DYNAMIC
1. 3 parts of the mind
  1. ID
    1. Selfish, animalistic & impulsive
    2. Present at birth
    3. Seeks immediate gratification of its needs
    4. Pleasure principle
  2. EGO
    1. Reality principle
    2. finds realistic, practical ways of balancing the demands of the ID & super-ego
    3. develops around the age of 2
  3. SUPER EGO
    1. moral part of the mind
    2. morality principle
      1. learned from ones parents or others
    3. tells us what is right/wrong, good/bad
    4. develops around the ages of 3-6
  4. THE ID AND SUPER-EGO ARE AT A STATE OF CONSTANT CONFLICT WHICH CAUSES ANXIETY. THIS IS WHY THE EGO MUST MEDIATE BETWEEN THEM
2. levels of consciousness
  1. Conscious
    1. always in our awareness
    2. ego resides here
      1. defence mechanisms
  2. unconscious
    1. cannot be accessed at any point
    2. ID resides here
    3. expresses itself through dreams
    4. things we can unaware of and cannot be aware of
    5. deeply burried memories
    6. instincts
  3. Pre-conscious
    1. not accessible all the time
      1. we can dip into it
        things we could be aware of if we tried
    2. Super-ego resides here
    3. memories & stored knowlage
BEHAVIOURIST
1. Operant conditioning
  1. reinforcement & punishment
  2. B. more likely to be reapeated if followed by a positive reinforcement
    1. skinners rats
      1. in a box
      2. rewarded for pressing lever
      3. rats more likely to press the lever due to the positive reinforcement
2. social modeling/learning
  1. observe & copy the b. of others (models)
    1. more likely to copy the b. is the model is seen as
      1. powerful
      2. nuturing
      3. similar
  2. Bandura
    1. established laws of SLT
    2. found
      1. children in the aggressive cond. were more likely to imitate the behaviour
        than thoses who witnessed model showing agg
COGNITIVE
1. thinking affects behaviour
  1. thought patterns
    1. rational
      1. grounded in reality
      2. lead to positive b.
    2. irrational
      1. more dysfunctional states
      2. freind ignores you
        leads to worry and anxiety
2. internal mental processors
  1. humans
    1. info processers
    2. how info received from our senses is processed by the brain
      1. how this processing direct to how we behave
  2. 5
    1. attention
    2. perception
    3. memory
      1. storage of info about fact, events & skills
    4. thinking
    5. language

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1a) .... 2 assumptions of the.....Approach

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	Criado por Monica Angeles mais de 11 anos atrás