Acidic Environment

Descrição

Mapa Mental sobre Acidic Environment, criado por Vicky Papadopoulos em 20-09-2015.
Vicky Papadopoulos
Mapa Mental por Vicky Papadopoulos, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Vicky Papadopoulos
Criado por Vicky Papadopoulos mais de 8 anos atrás
12
2

Resumo de Recurso

Acidic Environment
  1. 1. Indicators
    1. Classification of common substances
      1. Litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange & bromothymol blue
        1. Everyday uses of indicators
          1. Range of colour changes
            1. EXPERIMENT: Prepare & test a natural indicator
              1. EXPERIMENT: Classifying household substances
              2. 2. Acidic Oxides
                1. Oxides of non-metals acting as acids
                  1. Position of acidic/basic oxides in Periodic Table
                    1. Le Chatelier's principle
                      1. Factors which affect equilibrium
                      2. Solubility of carbon dioxide in water
                        1. Natural & industrial sources of SO2 and NOx
                          1. Environmental impact
                            1. Evidence of increase in acidic oxides in the atmosphere
                            2. Calculating volume of gases
                              1. EXPERIMENT: Decarbonating soft drink
                              2. Formation & effects of acid rain
                              3. 3. Acids occur everywhere
                                1. Acids = proton donors + ionisation of acids in water
                                  1. Acetic, citric, HCl & sulfuric acid
                                    1. Use of pH scale
                                      1. Calculating pH
                                        1. EXPERIMENT: Use of pH meters
                                        2. Strengths of equal concentrations of acids in terms of degree of ionisation
                                          1. EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH
                                          2. Difference between strong & weak acid
                                            1. Use of acids as food additives
                                              1. Naturally occurring acids & bases
                                              2. 4. History of acids
                                                1. Lavoisier, Davy & Arrhenius
                                                  1. Bronsted-Lowry theory
                                                    1. Conjugate acids & bases
                                                      1. Salts which form acidic, basic or neutral solutions
                                                        1. EXPERIMENT: Calculating pH of salt solutions
                                                        2. Amphiprotic substances
                                                          1. Neutralisation = exothermic reaction
                                                            1. Correct technique for titrations
                                                              1. EXPERIMENT: Titrations + Preparing standard solutions
                                                              2. Effect of buffers
                                                                1. Use of neutralisation reactions as a safety measure
                                                                2. 5. Esterification
                                                                  1. Functional groups of alkanol & alkanoic acids
                                                                    1. Difference in m.p. & b.p. of alkanols & alkanoic acids
                                                                      1. Esterification = reaction between an acid & alkanol
                                                                        1. EXPERIMENT: Prepare an ester
                                                                        2. Purpose of using acid as a catalyst
                                                                          1. Need for refluxing
                                                                            1. Examples of occurrence, production & uses of esters
                                                                              1. Uses of esters as flavours & perfumes

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