neuroanatomy of phonation

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neuroanatomy of phonation
  1. cortical mechanisms of phonatory control
    1. three major areas responsible for vocalization :
      1. Supplementary motor area
        1. Anterior (Broca's area)
          1. Precentral & postcentral gyrus( rolandic area)
        2. subcortical mechanisms of phonatory control
          1. thalamus
            1. ventrolateral nucleus
              1. responsible of speech movements as well as control of loudness, pitch , rate and articulation
            2. midbrain structures
              1. Cerebral peduncles
                1. connect the cerebrum with the brainstem and spinal cord
                2. PAG
                  1. Produces activity in some laryngeal muscles Involved in the control of patterns of muscle activity involving muscles of respiration and vocalization and in the orofacial area
                3. brainstem
                  1. Nucleus retroam-bigualis in the control of vocalization
                  2. cerebellum
                    1. Peripheral connections: the vagus nerve
                      1. provide sensory fibers within the larynx