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46714
Sexual Offences
Descrição
Crimimal Law Mapa Mental sobre Sexual Offences, criado por usmanzafar em 15-04-2013.
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crimimal law
crimimal law
Mapa Mental por
usmanzafar
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
usmanzafar
aproximadamente 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Sexual Offences
Old Law
described as a patchwork of quilts by 'setting the boundaries' (2000)
Old common law rules and values were codified by sexual offences act 1956
whole collection of reforms were suggested by 'setting the boundaries' (2000)
Now codified into sexual offences act 2003
Rape
Definiton: forced sexual intercourse
Statutory offence under s.1 of 2003 act
Max sentence of life imprisonment
Actus Reus
Penile penetration of Vagina, Anus or Mouth
Expanded to mouth by (Ismail)
a continuing act from entry to withdrawal (s.79(2) of 2003 act)
Woman can be a secondary party by ordering victim to remove clothes and have intercourse (DPP v K and C)
Lack of consent by victim
no need for the use of force fear or fraud fr the victim to intercourse as a result of threats (Olugboja)
Victim must consent by choice have freedom and capacity to make that choice (s.74 of 2003 act)
Kidnapping and then having intercourse with her is sufficent evidence that consent was not made by choice (McFall)
tricking victim into relationship is also evidence of lack of consent (Jheeta)
If victim does not consent to sexually transmitted infection, then defendant will be charged wth biological GBH (Dica)
If victim still consented to sex, it is not rape (B 2006)
Evidential presumptions
s.75(2)(d)
Sleeping victim does not consent
Larter and castleton
s.75(2)(f)
Involuntary intoxicated victim does not consent
Camplin
presumption does not apply when victim becomes voluntarily intoxicated
Malone
Drunken consent is still consent where victim still remains capable of choosing (Bree)
Conclusive presumptions (s.76)
No consent if victim was decieved
surgery to cure fits (Flattery)
Would help vocal performance (Williams)
deception as to wealth and status do not affect consent (Linekar)
defendant is not allowed to provide evidence to prove otherwise
Mens rea
Intent to penetrate
Lack or reasonable belief in consent
Old Law: honest but unreasonable belief in consent
Post 2003 Law
Reasonable belief in consent
all circumstances will be considered including steps taken by defendant to ascertain consent s.1(2)
Reasonable grounds are those which are reasonable to a sober man (Fotheringham)
Rape can occur in marriage (R v R)
Assault by penetration
Actus reus
Penetration of Vagina or anus, with a body part or object, must be sexual and there must be lack of consent by victim
Sexual (s.78)
automaticatlly has a sexual nature
it is sexual because of its purpose or circumstances
Charged under s.2(1)
Viewed as a lesser offence to s.1 - (Lydmann)
Mens Rea
Intent to penetrate vagina or anus and lack of reasonable belief in consent
Sexual assault
Actus Reus
touching the victim; touching is sexual; victim does not consent
Touching victims breasts (Ralston)
Touching private parts (Forrester)
Kissing victims private parts (Turner)
Kissing victims face (W 2005)
Pressing body against victims buttocks (Nika 2005)
rubbing penis against victims body (Osmani
Sniffing victims hair while stroking her arm (Deal)
Ejaculating onto victims clothing while dancing (Bounekhla)
Touching victims clothing (R v H)
Mens rea
intent to touch; lack of reasonable belief in consent
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