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558307
P2 3 Work, energy and momentum
Descrição
P2 Additional Physics Mapa Mental sobre P2 3 Work, energy and momentum, criado por cottom em 18-02-2014.
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p2 additional physics
p2 additional physics
Mapa Mental por
cottom
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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cottom
aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
P2 3 Work, energy and momentum
Energy and work
Work is done on an object when a force makes the object move
The energy transferred equals the work done
Work done (in joules) = force (in newtons) x distance moved in the direction of the force (in metres)
W = F x d
Work done to overcome friction is transferred as energy that heats the objects that rub together and the surroundings
Gravitational potential energy (GPE)
An object's GPE depends on its weight and its height
An object's GPE increases when the object goes up and decreases when the object goes down
See notes for maths
Kinetic energy
A moving object's kinetic energy depends on its mass and its speed
See notes for maths
Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an elastic object when work is done on the object
Momentum
Momentum = mass (in kilograms) x velocity (in metres per second)
p = m x v
Velocity is speed IN A CERTAIN DIRECTION
Momentum is conserved whenever objects interact in a closed system with no external forces
This means the momentum after the interaction equals the momentum before the interaction
The unit of momentum is kilogram metres per second (kg m/s)
Explosions
When two objects push each other apart, they move apart ...
... with different speeds if their masses are not the same
The greater the mass, the lower the speed
... with equal and opposite momentum so their total momentum is zero
Impact forces
When vehicles collide, the force of the impact depends on mass, change of velocity, and the duration of the impact
The longer the impact time, the lower the impact force
Crumple zones and air bags increase the impact time, so reduce the impact force
When two vehicles collide...
.. they exert equal and opposite forces on each other
... their total momentum is unchanged
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