6516235
Cell Ultrastructure
- Nucleus
- Structure
- Nuclear envelope
= 2 concentric
membranes
- Perinuclear space
~ 20-40nm
separates bilayers
- Phospholipid bilayer
maintains the shape
of the nucleus and
assists in regulation
of movement of
molecules in and out
of the nucleus via nuclear pores
- Perinuclear space
~ 20-40nm
separates bilayers
- Spherical/oval in shape
- ~5μm in diameter
- ~5μm in diameter
- Nuclear Pore
- 500-1000 molecules
made up from
copies of 30
different proteins
- function
- regulate passage
of large materials
(large proteins and
macromolecular
complexes i.e.
ribosomes, across
the nuclear
membranes
- Nuclear
Localisation
Signal (NLS)
incorporated
into primary
sequence of
proteins in the
cytoplasm.
- Forms a cargo
complex that can
then be captured by
the nuclear pore and
transported through
the pore into the
nucleus
- Forms a cargo
complex that can
then be captured by
the nuclear pore and
transported through
the pore into the
nucleus
- Nuclear
Localisation
Signal (NLS)
incorporated
into primary
sequence of
proteins in the
cytoplasm.
- ions and biological
molecules (including small
proteins) can pass freely
through
- Allows transport of
water-soluble
molecules across the
nuclear envelope
- RNA
- Ribosomes
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Signal molecules
- RNA
- regulate passage
of large materials
(large proteins and
macromolecular
complexes i.e.
ribosomes, across
the nuclear
membranes
- structure
- Ring-like
arrangement
=
Pore
Complex
- Octagonal
structure
over 50nm in
diameter
- Cytoplasmic face has 8
subunits that
surround a central
zone (channel 9nm
diameter)
- Ring-like
arrangement
=
Pore
Complex
- 500-1000 molecules
made up from
copies of 30
different proteins
- Nucleoplasm
- highly
viscous liquid
that
surrounds
the
chromosomes
and
nucleoli
- Nucleotides and
enzymes dissolved in
it
- nucleotide = series
of nucleosides
joined together by
a phosphate group
by ester linkage to
a sugar i.e. DNA
and RNA are
polymers of
nucleotides
- nucleoside = purine or
pyrimidine base linked to
either a ribose or deoxyribose
sugar (no phosphate group)
- ATP = adenosine
triphosphate, a
nucleoside
triphosphate
- ATP = adenosine
triphosphate, a
nucleoside
triphosphate
- nucleotide = series
of nucleosides
joined together by
a phosphate group
by ester linkage to
a sugar i.e. DNA
and RNA are
polymers of
nucleotides
- Nuclear
matrix
found in
nucleoplasm
- highly
viscous liquid
that
surrounds
the
chromosomes
and
nucleoli
- nucleolus
- dense basophilic material
in nucleoplasm (stains
dark)
- not enclosed
by a
membrane
- stains
differently
from
surrounding
chromatin
- stains
differently
from
surrounding
chromatin
- contains a nucleolar
organizer made up of
overlapping DNA from
several chromosomes
and instructions for
making RNA (protein
synthesis)
- associated with
specific regions of
several
chromosomes which
transcribe ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)
- dense basophilic material
in nucleoplasm (stains
dark)
- Nuclear envelope
= 2 concentric
membranes
- Function
- Structure
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Plasma Membrane
- Membrane Transport
- Membrane Transport
- Membrane Bound Vesicles and Granules
- Mitochondria
- Centrioles, Cilia and Flagella, Cell Junctions
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