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Swelling in the leg

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Mapa Mental sobre Swelling in the leg, criado por Salma Mk em 24-03-2017.
Salma Mk
Mapa Mental por Salma Mk, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Salma Mk
Criado por Salma Mk mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Swelling in the leg
  1. Anatomy
    1. bones
      1. muscles
        1. femoral artery
          1. femoral vein
            1. adductor canal
              1. popliteal fossa
              2. Possible causes of leg pain & swelling
                1. diabetic muscle infarction
                  1. boil
                    1. thigh strain/ injury
                      1. superficial thrombophlebitis
                        1. tumors (bone tumors)
                          1. most common bone tumors in children
                            1. 2) Ewing's sarcoma
                              1. children 10-15
                                1. male>female
                                  1. site=diaphysis of long bones
                                    1. radiologically
                                      1. microscopically
                                      2. 1) Osteosarcoma
                                        1. male> female
                                          1. site:metaphysics of long bones
                                            1. histopathology
                                              1. 1) pleomorphism & mitotic figures
                                                1. 2) pink glassy homogenous osteoid formation
                                                  1. 3) fibroblastic and chondroblastic formation
                                                    1. biopsy
                                                      1. types
                                                        1. needle
                                                          1. open
                                                      2. radiologically
                                                        1. neo-osteogenesis
                                                          1. in subperiosteal layer
                                                            1. codman's triangle
                                                            2. from the central mass
                                                              1. sun burst appearance
                                                          2. types
                                                            1. primary
                                                              1. children 12-14
                                                                1. genetic mutation in p53 or retinoblastoma
                                                                2. secondary
                                                                  1. adults >40
                                                                    1. post irradiation
                                                                  2. clinical picture
                                                                    1. pain, pathological fracture
                                                                      1. progressively growing mass
                                                                      2. stages of osteosarcoma
                                                                        1. investigations
                                                                          1. WBC count
                                                                            1. to rule out inflammation and infection
                                                                            2. hemoglobin test
                                                                              1. test for anaemia caused by cancer
                                                                              2. ESR
                                                                                1. to check for inflammation associated with cancer
                                                                              3. Management of osteosarcoma
                                                                                1. chemotherapy
                                                                                  1. methotrexate
                                                                                    1. folic acid analog
                                                                                      1. inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
                                                                                        1. thus inhibits DNA synthesis for replication of cells
                                                                                    2. doxorubicin
                                                                                      1. anticancer antibiotic
                                                                                        1. several mechanisms of action
                                                                                          1. causes DNA strand scission
                                                                                            1. generate free radicals
                                                                                              1. membrane disruption
                                                                                          2. cisplatin
                                                                                            1. acts like an alkylating agent
                                                                                              1. cross links bases
                                                                                                1. DNA strand breakage
                                                                                          3. surgery
                                                                                            1. amputation
                                                                                              1. limb savage surgery
                                                                                                1. autografts
                                                                                                  1. allografts
                                                                                                    1. rotatioplasty
                                                                                                      1. prosthetic implants
                                                                                                  2. Complications
                                                                                                    1. movement problems
                                                                                                      1. loss of a limb
                                                                                                        1. metastastis
                                                                                                          1. hematogenous spread
                                                                                                            1. liver
                                                                                                              1. lung
                                                                                                                1. brain
                                                                                                                  1. bone
                                                                                                                2. chemotherapy side effects
                                                                                                                  1. allopecia
                                                                                                                    1. sterility
                                                                                                                      1. GI complications
                                                                                                                      2. Prognosis
                                                                                                                        1. depends on
                                                                                                                          1. age and general health
                                                                                                                            1. location and size of tumor
                                                                                                                              1. response to treatment
                                                                                                                      3. benign
                                                                                                                        1. melignant

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