The vast majority of cancers are:
Monoclonal
Polyclonal
Etymology. The "Leuk-" part of leukaemia means what?
Blood
White
Cancer
Etymology. The "-aemia" part of leukaemia means what?
Most cancers are derived from what type of cells?
Epithelial
Mesenchymal
Blood cell malignancies. The most obvious difference between Leukaemia and Lymphoma is what?
Leukaemia is mainly in circulation. Lymphoma is mainly in lymph nodes (or spleen).
Leukaemia is mainly in lymph nodes (or spleen). Lymphoma is mainly in circulation.
No noticeable differences.
Roughly what proportion of the cells in your body are blood cells?
1 / 2
1 / 4
1 / 8
1 / 16
1 / 32
1 / 64
What is the etymology of Macrophages? (which are a subcategory of Leukocytes)
Macro- = "Big" -phage = "Eater"
Macro- = "Little" -phage = "Eater"
Macro- = "Big" -phage = "Enzyme"
Macro- = "Little" -phage = "Enzyme"
Etymology. Blast cells. What does "Blast" mean in Greek?
Bud
Destroyer
Eater
Builder
What are the distinguishing features of Blast Cells? (select all that apply)
Haematopoietic progenitor cells
Highly proliferative
Large, transcriptionally active nucleus
Survival and proliferation dependent on Growth Factor signalling
Hepatopoietic progenitor cells
Fully mature cells
Normally found in large quantities in blood vessels
True or false? Mature blood cells typically have more active nuclei than blasts.
True or false? -blasts are the most likely cell type to become Leukaemic.
True or false? -blasts are the least likely cell type to become Leukaemic.
True or false? Mature blood cells typically have less active nuclei than blasts.
There are 4 types of Leukaemia. These include: (select all that apply)
ALL - Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
AML - Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia
CLL - Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
CML - Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia
ALL - Acute Lymphatic Leukaemia
AML - Acute Myelodysplastic Leukaemia
CLL - Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia
CML - Chronic Myelodysplastic Leukaemia
Acute Leukaemias arise from Stem Cells Committed Precursors Late Precursors and Mature Forms( Stem Cells, Committed Precursors, Late Precursors and Mature Forms ) . Chronic Leukaemias arise from Stem Cells Committed Precursors Late Precursors and Mature Forms( Stem Cells, Committed Precursors, Late Precursors and Mature Forms ) .
There are 3 ways to donate marrow. 1 - Bone marrow transplant (becoming less common, though) 2 - PBSC 3 - Cord Blood (saved since birth)
PBSC stands for Purified Peripheral Progenitor Please don't fuck this up( Purified, Peripheral, Progenitor, Please don't fuck this up ) Blood Stem Cell
The Philadelphia chromosome (AKA Bcr-Abl) is a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 that results in a fusion protein called "BCR-ABL". What is the effect of this?
Blocks myeloid differentiation in the progenitor stage
Blocks myeloid differentiation in the haematopoietic stem cell stage
Blocks lymphoid differentiation in the progenitor stage
Blocks lymphoid differentiation in the haematopoietic stem cell stage
Bcr-Abl. Bcr = Breakpoint Cluster Region protein Abl = Abelson Murine Leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (a non-receptor tyrosine kinase) The fusion of the two results in what?
Constitutive activation of the Abl kinase
Inactivation of the Abl kinase
Lymphoma is a malignancy arising from which of the following?
Progenitor B and T cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues
Progenitor B and T cells in the bloodstream
Erythrocytes in the bloodstream
Leukocytes in the bloodstream
Which of the following are symptoms of Leukaemia? (select all that apply)
Hyperviscosity syndrome
Bruising
Anaemia
Arthritis
Splenomegaly
Abnormal blood cell profiles (more nucleated cells in the blood)
Abnormal blood cell profiles (fewer nucleated cells in the blood
