Compendium 7 - How do we get rid of toxic wastes?

Questão 1 de 50

1

Select Four organs of the urinary system

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Bladder
Kidneys
Ureter
Urethra
Vagina
Esophagus

Explicação

Questão 2 de 50

1

Select the Three main functions of the kidneys

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Removal of toxic waste

Explicação

Questão 3 de 50

1

Describe the location of the Kidneys

Selecione uma das seguintes:

posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity
anterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity

Explicação

Questão 4 de 50

1

The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 5 de 50

1

The right kidney is located slightly more superior than the left kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 6 de 50

1

Identify the external structural layers of the Kidney:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

• renal capsule - immediate lining covering the renal tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• renal capsule - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - immediate lining covering the renal tissue

Explicação

Questão 7 de 50

1

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The Four parts of the nephron are:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Renal corpuscle
• Renal bowmans capsule

Explicação

Questão 8 de 50

1

Describe the three processes necessary for urine formation.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the PCT and DCT

Explicação

Questão 9 de 50

1

Describe the components that make up the urinary process

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.
Filtration occurs in the renal capsule, which consists of the glomerulus and renal corpuscle.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.

Explicação

Questão 10 de 50

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

Reabsorption from the filtrate is a two-step process. Referring to Figure 9.2, the two steps are:
( (1), (2) ) Movement of the filtrate into the cells lining the nephron through the apical surface of the cell or
the apical membrane.
( (2), (1) ) Then from these cells into the blood through the basal surface of the cell or basal membrane.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 50

1

Which one of the following structures is known as the ‘functional unit of the kidney’?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

a. the renal corpuscle
b. the glomerulus
c. the nephron
d. the renal pyramids

Explicação

Questão 12 de 50

1

Which one of the following structures is considered to be a part of the nephron?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

a. the glomerulus
b. ureter
c. collecting duct
d. renal pelvis

Explicação

Questão 13 de 50

1

Which one of the following substances would you expect to find in the filtrate of a healthy
individual?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

a. red blood cells
b. sodium ions
c. large proteins
d. white blood cells

Explicação

Questão 14 de 50

1

Which one of the following substances would be normally re-absorbed into the kidney
tubules?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

glucose
ammonia
large proteins
red blood cells

Explicação

Questão 15 de 50

1

Which hormone promotes water retention in the body?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

aquaporin hormone
thyrotropin hormone
oxytocin hormone
anti-diuretic hormone

Explicação

Questão 16 de 50

1

What is the name of the muscle found in the wall of the bladder?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

cardiac
skeletal
fast twitch
detrusor

Explicação

Questão 17 de 50

1

What is the name of the reflex that controls urination?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

sympathetic
micturition
baroreceptor
parasympathetic

Explicação

Questão 18 de 50

1

Nephron Diagram:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌

The two parts of the renal corpuscle
are:
1. ❌
2. ❌

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Cortex of kidney

Medulla of kidney

Glomerulus (1st)

Glomerular capsule (2nd)

Explicação

Questão 19 de 50

1

What type of nephron is nephron A?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Juxtamedullary
Cortical

Explicação

Questão 20 de 50

1

What type of nephron is nephron B?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Cortical
Juxtamedullary

Explicação

Questão 21 de 50

1

Juxtamedullary: There are two types of nephrons: Superficial cortical nephrons, which have their glomeruli in the outer cortex. They have shorter loops of Henle, which dip only into the outer medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons, which have their glomeruli near the corticomedullary border.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 22 de 50

1

Creatinine: A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 23 de 50

1

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The parts of the nephron are:
• Renal corpuscle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 24 de 50

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the ( glomerulus, loop of henle ) and ( Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubules ).

Explicação

Questão 25 de 50

1

Filtration:
Filtration occurs in the ❌, which consists of the ❌ and ❌. ❌ enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and ❌ in the blood are pushed through the glomerular ❌ and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the ❌. This solution is called ❌ and a small amount of it will eventually become ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

renal corpuscle

Bowman’s capsule

Blood

urine

solutes

capillary wall

tubule

filtrate

glomerulus (1st)

Explicação

Questão 26 de 50

1

Tubular re-absorption:
Re-absorption is the return of water and solutes to the blood following filtration. The filtrate flows
through the proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules and then to the
collecting ducts. As the filtrate moves through the nephron, much of it is reabsorbed from the
nephron to the blood stream via processes such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport, symport and osmosis.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 27 de 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are secreted into the filtrate from the blood. Tubular secretion can be active or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays an important role in the regulation of the pH of the blood.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 28 de 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are ❌ into the filtrate from the ❌. Tubular
❌ can be ❌ or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays
an important role in the regulation of the ❌ of the blood.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

secreted

blood

secretion

active

pH

Explicação

Questão 29 de 50

1

Sodium-potassium exchange pump is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Active
Passive

Explicação

Questão 30 de 50

1

Which molecule is moving with Na+ during co-transport (piggy backing)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Glucose
Fructose

Explicação

Questão 31 de 50

1

Anti Port - Which molecule is moving with Na+?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Ca2+
K+

Explicação

Questão 32 de 50

1

Anti-port: Is Na+ and Ca2+ moving in the same direction or in opposite directions?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Opposite
Same direction

Explicação

Questão 33 de 50

1

Facilitated diffusion is the mechanism by which glucose moves out of the nephron cell in to the blood

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 34 de 50

1

Describe the structure and function of the special carrier molecule

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Protein imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.
Lipid imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.

Explicação

Questão 35 de 50

1

Name two molecules that move across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Fructose
Amino acids
Glucose

Explicação

Questão 36 de 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion moving the molecule up or down its concentration gradient?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Down its concentration gradient. From high to low concentration.
Up its concentration gradient. From low to high concentration.

Explicação

Questão 37 de 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion an active or passive process?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Diffusion is passive – it does not require energy (ATP).
Diffusion is active – it does require energy (ATP).

Explicação

Questão 38 de 50

1

Is glucose moving from the filtrate to the blood, or from the blood to the filtrate?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Glucose is moving from the filtrate to the blood. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP
Glucose is moving from the blood to the filtrate. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP

Explicação

Questão 39 de 50

1

The glomerular capsule is also known as the Bowman’s capsule

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 40 de 50

1

The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular capsule.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 41 de 50

1

Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of the ❌ (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular ❌.
The glomerular capsule is also known as the ❌. Blood enters the ❌
(the first part of the nephron) via the ❌ arteriole. When the blood passes through the bed of
capillaries in the renal corpuscle, fluid leaves the ❌ and becomes ❌. This is the first
stage of ❌ formation. This filtrate then enters into the glomerular capsule and flows directly into
the ❌, where tubular ❌ begins. Blood that comes in via the
afferent arteriole leaves via the efferent arteriole to return to the body’s ❌ ❌

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

glomerulus

capsule

Bowman’s capsule

renal corpuscle

afferent

filtrate

capillary

urine

proximal convoluted tubule

reabsorption

supply

blood

Explicação

Questão 42 de 50

1

❌ - Holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

❌ - Found in between the endothelial cells and the podocytes

❌ - Spaces between the podocyte cell processes

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Fenestrae of capillaries

Basement membrane

Filtration slits

Explicação

Questão 43 de 50

1

Fenestrae of capillaries - Window-like holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 44 de 50

1

• The nephron higher in the cortex is called a ❌.
• The nephron that is lower in the cortex with a long Loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla is a ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

cortical nephron

juxtamedullary nephron (juxta = near)

Explicação

Questão 45 de 50

1

❌ : Main area for reabsorption of water (80%) 100% reabsorption of amino acids and sugars

❌ : Controlled secretion of wastes, toxin, excess ions. Alters concentration of urine by varying water reabsorption

❌ : Reabsorbs ions and water.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Explicação

Questão 46 de 50

1

The distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron. What is the name of the segment following the distal convoluted tubule?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Collecting duct
Advancing duct

Explicação

Questão 47 de 50

1

The bladder is a hollow structure that stores urine. What volume of urine do you think the bladder usually holds?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

up to 1 L
up to 1.5 L

Explicação

Questão 48 de 50

1

Carrier molecules are usually proteins bound to a non-protein group

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 49 de 50

1

In the cell, examples of molecules that must use facilitated diffusion to move in and out of the cell membrane are glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions. They pass using carrier proteins through the cell membrane without energy along the concentration gradient.

	Criado por Jessica Bulley aproximadamente 6 anos atrás