Birth defects:

Types of birth defects

Birth defects are

Structural birth defects

Functional/developmental birth defects

Genetic factors:

Micronutrient deficiencies

Maternal infections

Anencephaly

Anophthalmia and microphthlamia

Other causes of birth defects

Type of UUS

2nd trimester USS

Who gets diagnostic tests

When and why?

When and why?

Screening test
maternal blood tests

Screening tests
amniocentesis

Further tests performed

Coarctation

spina bifida

Omphalcele