Underwater objects appear larger and closer
How much faster does sound travel and water as compared to its speed and air.
100
50
4
10
FSW to ATA. ❌. ❌
What are the units of measure used in diving to express pressure
PSIG PSIA. ATA ATM FSW
USAF CIA FBI ATT MMA LDS
What concentration of oxygen is required or necessary to support life
16
5
A cubic foot of Sea water weighs 62.4 pounds
The most common pollutant found in air.
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
What are three Interrelated factors that affect a divers breathing gas
Temperature
Pressure
Volume
Defusion
Re-fraction
What are the two factors affecting the amount of pressure acting on a diver
Weight of water weight of Atmosphere
Weight of suit
Weight of the world
Weight of last meal
What three laws represent components of the general gas law
Fisk law
Henry’s law
Boyles law
Charles and gay Loussac’s law
What is the mathematical expression of a general gas law
Boyles law defines the interrelationship of a gas at a constant temperature where is the volume inversely relates to pressure
Internal pressure affects the volume in Boyles law.
What diving related injury can be explained by Boyles law
POIS
PAWS
Squeezes
Any gas at a constant pressure the volume will very proportionally with the temperature as described in Henry’s law
What formula is used to represent Charles law
V2= V1•T2/T1
V1/T1 = V2/T2
V2/T1=V1/T2
V1= V2•T1/T1
Gay Loussac law expresses the relationship between what two properties of diving gases? Any gas at a constant volume the very proportionately with the absolute
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius F=• ÷+
What concentration of oxygen is required to support combustion
12
Check
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit. C = ( - ) /
Using Charles law what happens to a flexible balloon if we double the absolute temperature of the air inside? If the is and is the will .
What is the formula used to represent Gay-Lussac’s Law. P2 = P1 • /
PSIG to ATA= ❌ ❌
It is easier for divers to determine the direction to a sound source under water.
ATA to FSW. ATA -1 ATA + 1( ATA -1, ATA + 1 ). •33 /33 /14.7( •33, /33, /14.7 )
PSIG to ATM PSIG. /14.7 • 14.7 •33( /14.7, • 14.7, •33 )
Archimedes principle deals with the concept of
Buoyancy
And object will displace a amount of fluid equal to the volume of fluid required to completely fill or flood that object floatable volume.
MMP stands for minimum manifold pressure.
ATM to ATA +1 -1( +1, -1 )
Applying the principles of Henry’s law what is the primary factor that directly influences how much of breathing gas components gets absorbed by the divers body tissues.
Partial pressure of an inert gas in breathing media
The water temperature
What is the formula we used for Henry’s law calculations.
is the first color to be filtered out in water and penetrates the deepest.
What changes in a diverse environment will trigger a change and gases absorbed in her body tissues.
Depth and pressure
What they guy across the street thinks about politics and women.
The weather outside
Changes in the amount of inert gas in the breathing media
If a diver on the surface is breathing a mixture of 80% helium and 20% oxygen what happens to her body. Is the N2 replaced by the He she’s breathing?
Name two ways a diver can change her buoyancy.
Add weight
Add volume
Skip breakfast
Drink five sodas.
Boyle’s law (pressure/ volume) plays a major factor in the measurement of adequate gas and volume supplies provided from the surface to the diver
Defending an open circuit man type or free flow helmet or mask requires increasing pressure supplied to the umbilical to the units for proper function At depth.
The minimum operating pressure these regulators are sent to is called the over bottom pressure. The OBP EGS MMP( OBP, EGS, MMP ) required varies with depth.
An object will displace an amount of fluid equal to the volume of fluid required to completely fill ( flood) that object. Floodable volume
If the weight of a body is equal to that of the displaced liquid, the buoyancy is ❌.
Underwater objects appear larger and closer.
The visual distortion that is due to the bending of light energy is known as ❌.
Sound travels four five equally( four, five, equally ) times faster in water as compared to its speed in air.
An object will displace an amount place of fluid equal to the volume of fluid required to completely fill (flood)that object.
When the water temperate reaches 70 degrees Fahrenheit, the ambient temperature surrounding the diver are to cold for the body to generate enough heat to compensate.
At what temperature is a dry suit recommended over a wetsuit?
60
70
At what temperature it is a hot water suit recommended over a dry suit or a wetsuit?
40
30
What are the two data plate specifications that determine the usable air output of an LP compressor?
Max pressure
Input volume
The volume of breathing media in storage and the adequacy of breathing media in diving system must be able to support the following:
The pressure requirement to maintain external work load and supply structural equipment with back up system.
Conservative and minimal fuel requirements not to exceed more than 55 gallons of Diesel fuel for a 72 hour operation.
Need the consumption rate for the full duration of the plan dive including max depth bottom time decompression and designated number of divers including standby divers.
Air or gas flow and pressure requirements for the designated equipment during heavy and emergency flow requirements no cubic feet per minute and psi and calculations.
Boyles law applies most directly to the discussion of a divers air supply requirements.
What is the unit used to express the output of an LP air compressor.
ACFM
SCFM
MMP
What does the number 18 represent on a data plate as an LP air compressor which reads 18 CFM @ 100 PSIG?
Volume and take that passes through the inlet
Gallons of fuel required
In any LP diving system the compressor is always the component that determines how much breathing media it is possible to deliver to the diver
As a diver descendants will the SCF required to support him to go up or down.
Down
Up
What is the SCFM requirement for a driver to work at 99FSW using a helmet that requires 1.480 CFM of air.
6×4.5×2 = 54
4×1.4×1 = 5.6
How much air in SCFM does a compressor have to provide to support diving operations for two diapers working in 165FSW assume that the equipment being used is free flow hats .
How many SCF of air will a diver use in 21 minutes wearing a super light 17 in demand mode and working and 132 feet of seawater?
SCF equals ATAx ACFMx Nx T= 5×1.4×1×21 = 147 SCF
SCF equals ATAx ACFMx Nx T=. 6×4.5×2 = 54
Name two connections that each diver umbilical will have in amanifold box.
Communication box, pnneumofathometer, main and secondary air.
EGS, regulator, bailout bottle.
What is the minimum number of connections in a manifold console rack box for air supply air coming into the box from sources like compressors or banks.
Two- primary and backup
One main intake
Main back up and power line
Does MMP change if you increase the number of divers supplied from a manifold box.
Yes, Each diver pulls pressure from the system while using up the volume.
No, The more the number of divers the more volume is needed not pressure.
What is the formula for computing stowage/ total volume of air in a storage bank
PSI +14.7÷14.7x V x N
psi-MMP/14.7 x V x N
What is the formula for computing the available volume of air in a flask cylinder.
Psi+ 14.7/14.4xVxN
PSI- MMP/14.7xVxN
When computing available volume of air in a flask we do not use absolute pressure.
When computing stowage and total volume of air in a flask cylinder we do not use absolute pressure’s.
Of the following components of air are we most concerned with when discussing decompression?
N2
CO2
CO
What is the rate of a sent from the bottom to the first in water decompression stop?
30ft/min
40ft/min
10ft/min
What two factors govern inert gas absorption and the selection of a decompression schedule.
Bottom time and depth
Weight and sobriety
Age and gender
What is the maximum descent rate?
75ft/min
55ft/min
65ft/min
Define bottom time.
The time you spent on the bottom.
The time you leave the surface to the time you start to leave for the surface.
The time you leave the bottom till the time you reach the surface.
Decompression schedules are in 5/10 foot increments and 5/10 minute bottom time increments.
Air decompression tables combine three modes of decompression into one table: decompression on and water decompression on and and surface decompression on .
What is the rate of ascent from the bottom to the first in water decompression stop?
20ft/min
45ft/min
Using the air decompression tables when does a divers time at a stop begin.
You reach and leave your first stop only you leave all other stops and the start time starts when you leave.
When the total time elapses from when the driver left the surface to when they left bottom.
When you’re keeping record of a dive when does bottom time BT begin?
When the driver leaves the bottom
When the driver leaves the surface.
When the diver leaves their first decompression stop.
When does bottom time (BT) end.
When the diver leaves the surface.
When the diver leaves bottom.
Deepest depth of dive is defined as the deepest depth the diver obtained.
What is meant by the term maximum depth ?
Deepest depth of dive plus Pneumo correction factor.
Gas consumption calculations beyond 4.5 ACFM.
Total DECO time.
TDT
TTD
DDT
Left surface
LS
LB
TBT
Total time dive
Total deco time
Total bottom time
RNT
Residual nitrogen time
Reached bottom time
Reach surface time
What does the term surface interval?
The time between two dives. Think RNT designator.
The time corresponding between two different diverse
The depth difference between the two divers.
As the diver decisions and salt water how does this affect the nitrogen and her body?
Her equilibrium.
Her heart rate.
Her on gassing.
❌ is the rate of ascent from the bottom to the first in water decompression stop.
Using the air decompression tables when does a diverse time at stop and.
When the Diver leaves the bottom heading towards the decompression stop
When the diver actually leaves the decompression stop
The time between the first decompression stop to the surface.
What is the deepest depth and maximum time for air decompression?
500/10
300/25
250/30
30 ft./m using the decompression tables is the rate of travel between stops.
A repetitive dive is any dive I’ve conducted less than 10 minutes (SI). This is where the diver still has residual nitrogen in her tissue from the prior dive.
.The time given at the intersection of the RNT timetable (new designation) for repetitive air dives is the RN (residual nitrogen) time/number that needs to be added to the repet dive time on the no-deco dive table along with the new planned time.
At 60/39 what is the REPET group?
G Repet designation for 60 FSW with a SI of 3:31, what is the new Repet designation and time to be added?
There is concern of fire/combustion when divers are breathing oxygen at an increased partial pressure in Deco Chambers.
Decompression time for a no decompression dive can be defined as left bottom to reach surface.
Maximum descent rate in the water column is 75 ft./m
Maximum ascent rate in the water column is 30ft/m which is actually between 40 ft/m and 20 ft/m.
Using the air decompression tables when does a diverse time at the first in water stop begin.
You reach and leave your first stop.
You leave all other stops and the start time starts when you leave.
When you reach the surface.
Using the air decompression tables when does a diverse time at other in water stops begin.
That time when the diver actually leaves the stop
When the diver reach surface.
The max depth and Max time for air decompression is 300/25
Using the air decompression tables what is the rate of travel between stops.
30 ft./m
20 ft./m
100 ft./m
In the air decompression tables travel time between stops is included in any of the decompression stop time.
Using and water air decompression how long does it take from leaving the last stop in the water to reach the surface.
40 seconds, at least record it as one minute.
15 seconds
Two minutes
Decompression stops on oxygen commence at what depths?
30 and 20 FSW
Bottom to midway
What is the maximum time is to take to travel Shift to O2 and ventilate all divers?
Three minutes
Five minutes
30 minutes to breathe 02 with a five minute air brake max is the amount of minutes a diver can continuously breath 02 without an air break at the 30 and 20 FSW stops.
Airbrakes count towards the required decompression time.
No
Yes
Is an air break required if the total oxygen stop time is 35 minutes or less?
No an air brake is not required at the 30 minute mark
Yes an air brake is required at the 30 minute mark
Is an air Brake required at the 30 minute mark if the final 02 period is 35 or less?
After completion of the O2 time the driver is serviced breathing ❌.
And water decompression on air and oxygen is strongly recommended whenever the total decompression time in air exceeds 15 20( 15, 20 ) minutes and service decompression on oxygen is not a viable alternative.
Oxygen toxicity is a concern when a diaper is breathing oxygen at an increased partial pressure
If a water stop is required during a cent what is the rate of travel from the bottom to that water stop.
30 FSW/min
20 FSW/ min
If you use surface decompression and no and water stops are required what is the rate of travel from the bottom to the surface.
LB two RS at 40 feet of seawater at 30 feet of seawater per. minute
100 feet of seawater per minute.
What is the maximum time it can take for the divergent go from the surface of the water RS to50 feet in the chamber. Four five six( Four, five, six ) minutes
Utilizing surface decompression were there also in water stops it should take a diver one minute to travel from the last water stop to reach the surface.
It should take a diver four minutes to get undressed into the chamber decompressed to 50 feet in the chamber and ready to go on O2 assuming the driver has completed all in water stops and has traveled from the last water stop to the surface in the prescribed amount of time.
Utilizing surface decompression where there are in water stops what is the total I’m allowed time for the driver to go from the last water step stop at 50 feet in the chamber and ready to go on O2.
100 ft./m is the maximum rate of travel from the surface to 50 feet of seawater for surface decompression to the chamber.
When does oxygen time at 50 FSW in the chamber begin and what is the minimum amount of time the diver will breath O2 at 50 at FSW?
When the driver is on 02. 15 minutes on 02 at 50 feet of seawater 15 minutes on 02 at40 feet of seawater.
When the diver reaches the surface
30 minutes for surface decompression is the maximum amount of time for a divers O2 breathing period.
In surface decompression, air brakes are included in the required decompression time .
After a diver completes his required a two-time what is the rate of travel from 50 40 and 30 feet in the chamber to the surface. 30 40( 30, 40 ).
A dive within a SI of >:10 is a repetitive dive.
If a diver has an SI of less than 10 minutes what is the RNT to be equal to?
A continuation of the dive it is the same dive
total decompression time
What are the four pieces of information you need to determine a divers RNT on a repetitive dive.
Repair group from last dive
Time the diver reached bottom on last dive
Return to service from previous dive
Left service of previous dive
Left surface for current dive
Depth of last dive
Depth of current dive
Is it possible for a diver to have an RNT that is greater than the total bottom time of her previous dive?
Yes you won’t counted on the dive log
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