Morgan hypothesizes that the activity of amylase, an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch, will be greater at 37*C than at 25*C. She prepares 2 tubes: Tube 1 and Tube 2. Morgan adds 2 g of starch and 1 mL of an enzyme suspension to Tube 1 and incubates it at 25*C for 20 min. To accurately test her hypothesis, Morgan should add 2 g of starch and 1 mL of the enzyme suspension to Tube 2 and incubate it at _______ for ________.

• 25*C; 20 min

• 37*C; 20 min

• 25*C; 10 min

• 37*C; 10 min

Ebola virus is a potentially deadly virus in the blood which causes Ebola fever. Ebola virus is often spread by monkeys. Scientists used 2 groups of monkey kidney cells in an experiment to confirm the first human case of Ebola fever. The scientists inoculated cells in Group 1 with samples of the Ebola virus taken from a human with Ebola fever. They did not inoculate the cells in Group 2. What was the control group in the experiment?

• The Ebola virus

• All of the monkey kidney cells

• Monkey kidney cells in Group 1

• Monkey kidney cells in group 2

Chan wants to determine how much the mass of fungus growing on a nutrient agar plate changes over an 8 hr period. What is the most appropriate unit of measure for him to use?

• Kilogram

• Kilometer

• Milligram

• Millimeter

The part of the experiment that does not contain the independent variable. Used for comparison.

• Control Group

• Experimental Group

• results

• data

What are all the things that are kept the same in an experiment and are not used for comparison?

• controls

• constants

• data

• results

What is an if....then statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment or how the Independent variable effects the dependent variable?

• conclusion

• hypothesis

• materials

• problem

Which of the following responds to the manipulated variable?

• independent variable

• dependent variable

• control

• constant

Given the following list of student test grades: 80, 90, 100, 65, 78, 84. What is their approximate average test grade overall?

• 90

• 65

• 83

• 78

After learning about viruses in Biology class, Sam decides to have his cat vaccinated against feline leukemia virus. According to the cell theory, are viruses, such as feline leukemia, considered living things?

• Yes, because they can reproduce

• Yes, because they are composed of cells

• No, because they cannot adapt to their environment

• No, because they are not composed of cells

What is the correct order of organization of all living things from simplest to most complex?

• Atom, cell, organ, organ system, organism, molecule, tissue

• organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, molecule, atom

• Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, organ system

• Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

A scientist burned 100 g of rice until only 5 g of inorganic material remained. Approximate the percentage of inorganic material in the original 100 g rice sample.

• 0.05%

• 5%

• 20%

• 90%

Papain, an enzyme in papaya, breaks down polymers composed of amino acids. Which of the following substances does papain break down?

• Carbohydrates

• Fatty acids

• Nucleic acids

• Proteins

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

• By reducing activation energy

• By reducing energy produced by the reaction

• By increasing activation energy

• By increasing energy produced by the reaction

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that can form between a single carbon atom and 1 or more hydrogen atoms?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which substance releases H+ into a solution?

• Acid

• Base

• Alkaline

• Buffer

This substance releases -OH into a solution?

• Base

• Buffer

• Acid

• Water

As part of an experiment, a student adds 10 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to 100 mL of a non-buffered, colorless solution of sugar. What is the most likely result?

• The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) will increase

• The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) will increase

• The pH will not change

• The pH will increase

Honey is composed mostly of glucose and fructose. What property of water explains why honey dissolves easily in water?

• Water exhibits strong cohesion

• Water has a high specific heat

• Water is a polar molecule

• Water is easily ionized

Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

• Osmosis

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Cell membrane

True or False. Eukaryotes have DNA enclosed in a Nucleus.

• true

• false

Which type of transport requires energy because it moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

• active transport

• passive transport

A form of passive transport that uses transport proteins.

• simple diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

• endocytosis

• exocytosis

What trait of an ATP molecule enables it to store energy for use by cells?

• Its small size

• Its solubility in water

• Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

• Its phosphate-phosphate bond

A cell will __________________ in a hypotonic solution.

• swell and perhaps burst (lyse)

• the size of the cell will not change

• shrink

• the size of the cell will change from large to small and from small to large

How does a cell maintain homeostasis?

• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

• Protective barrier

• Flexibility

• Structure and support

The aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration require which products of glycolysis?

• NADH and ATP

• Pyruvate and ATP

• Pyruvate and NADH

• Pyruvate

A paramecium lives in a relatively hypotonic environment. Which of these structures does the paramecium use to maintain homeostasis under these conditions, and how does it do so?

• Contractile vacuole; by expelling water from the intracellular space into the extracellular space.

• Contractile vacuole; by absorbing water from the extracellular space into the intracellular space.

• Lysosome; by expelling water from the intracellular space into the extracellular space.

• Lysosome; by absorbing water from the extracellular space into the intracellular space.

The presence of which of the following structures in a cell would indicate that the cell is a photosynthetic bacterium?

• Cell wall

• Chloroplast

• DNA

• Ribosome

An organelle found in a liver cell would best be identified as a lysosome if its primary function was which of the following?

• Processing and packaging of cellular materials prior to export

• Harvesting of light energy to produce carbohydrates

• Detoxification of poisonous molecules within the cell

• Digestion of macromolecules and old organelles

Sorts, packages, and distributes proteins.

• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• Lysosomes

Filled with digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.

• Chloroplast

• Lysosomes

• Mitochondria

• Vacuoles

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

• Plant cell

• Animal cell

• Bacteria cell

Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Cell membrane

• Vacuoles

Convert sunlight into energy via photosynthesis.

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Cell membrane

• Vacuoles

In fruit flies, red (R) eye color is dominant over white (r) eye color. Use the Punnett square method to determine the genotype ratio of the offspring that will be heterozygous from a cross between a heterozygous red eyed fly with a homozygous white eyed fly.

• 1/4

• 1/2

• 3/4

• 4/4

B = brown eyes b = blue eyes
What is true about these two brothers that have brown eyes? One has genotype BB the other Bb.

• they have same phenotype and genotype

• they have same phenotype but different genotypes

• they have different genotypes and phenotypes

• they have same genotype but different phenotypes

In humans, pigmented skin is dominant to non-pigmented skin (albinism). What is the genotype of an individual with albinism?

• Carrier

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous dominant

• Homozygous recessive

Which of the following figures represents bone tissue?

In coho salmon, hooknose males are large and jack males are small. Average-sized males exist, but are rare. What statement best explains disruptive selection in male coho salmon?

• Average-sized males reach the spawning ground first.

• The scent of average-sized males makes them most attractive to females.

• Hooknose males produce stronger sperm than jack males or average-sized males.

• The relative size of hooknose males and jack males is an advantage during mating.

For biological evolution to occur by way of natural selection, the trait being selected for need NOT be:

• be heritable

• vary among individuals

• increase an individual's life span

• increase an individual's reproductive success

Much of the genetic diversity existing in modern multicellular organisms is most likely a result of:

• DNA mutations originating in gametes

• DNA mutations originating in somatic cells

• Protein mutations originating in gametes

• Protein mutations originating in somatic cells

Alec studied an unknown microscopic, unicellular organism and recorded his observations. He noted that the organism had DNA, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Based on Alec's observations, the organism would be best classified as a:

• virus

• protist

• fungus

• bacteria

An entomologist identified a new species of beetle in a South American rainforest. The beetle has all the features of the darkling beetle family Tenebrionidae and closely resembles other darkling beetles of the genus Tenebrio. What should the entomologist do next?

• Give the beetle new genus and family names

• Name the beetle after the species it is most similar to

• Discard the beetle because it is not found in existing taxonomy

• Place the beetle the same genus Tenebrio but give it a new species name

In what kingdom would scientists most likely classify a multicellular, non-motile, autotrophic, photosynthetic organism with a cell wall containing cellulose?

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Protista

Which of the following is most likely an example of an innate behavior?

• A monkey washing its food in a stream after watching another monkey do the same.

• A young coyote avoiding porcupines after the porcupine sticks the coyote with its quills.

• A sea turtle hatchling orienting itself toward the ocean upon emerging from its underground nest.

• A chimpanzee stacking boxes to reach bananas hanging from the ceiling of its enclosure.

Which physiological system includes the lungs, trachea, and pharynx?

• Endocrine

• Nervous

• Reproductive

• Respiratory

Marco grows algae in the presence of a substance that stops the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. As a result, which molecules will the light-dependent reactions eventually stop producing?

• ADP and NADP+

• ADP and NADPH

• ATP and NADP+

• ATP and NADPH

Which of the following statements best describes how, in trees, water moves from the roots to the leaves?

• Transpiration from the leaves pulls water upward.

• Gravity continually pulls water and nutrients upward.

• Xylem contracts and pushes water and nutrients upward.

• Trees use energy from ATP to push water and nutrients upward.

An oxpecker is a bird that usually feeds on parasites on a rhinoceros's back. It occasionally picks scabs off the rhinoceros's back and drinks blood from the wounds. Describe the relationship(s) between the oxpecker and the rhinoceros.

• Mutualism only

• Mutualism and commensalism

• Mutualism and predation

• Mutualism and parasitism

When a new volcanic island forms, the pioneer species are the first species to successfully colonize the island. Which of the following characteristics would be the most ADVANTAGEOUS to a pioneer species colonizing this newly formed island?

• Low dispersal rate

• Low environmental tolerance

• High reproductive rate

• Short life span

Louise places 1 bacterium in a Petri dish at time 0. The population increases exponentially, doubling every hour, and there are no limiting factors. How many bacteria will be in the Petri dish after 6 hours?

• 6

• 16

• 32

• 64

Which energy pyramid accurately represents the amount of energy in a desert food chain including cactus, hawk, insect, and snake?