Cognitive psychology semester 1

What is cognitive psych?

Introspection

Problems with introspection

Information processing

Decomposition

Representations

embodied cognition

Behaviourism

How to measure magnitude

The psycho-physical function

Steven's power law

response compression

response expansion

Perceptual threshold

Threshold finding methods

Method of limits

Method of adjustment

Method of constant stimuli

Just noticeable difference (JND)

Relative threshold (for JND)

Weber's Law

The muller-lyer illusion

Signal detection theory

Perceptual responses to a stimulus

Olfaction

Gustation

somatosensation

Tactition

Equilibrioception

Thermoception

Proprioception

Nociception

Interoception

Sensation

Perception

Transduction

Chemoreception

Mechanoreception

Photoreception

Hearing

vision

Touch

Smell

Taste

Somatosensory cortex

Gestalt Laws

Similarity

Proximity

Good continuation

Closure

Common fate

Symmetry

Parallelism

Simplicity (pragnanz)

Investigating feature representation

Optic nerve and thalamus

Hubel and Wiesel

Edge detection

Feature representation in visual cortex

Top-down cues

Top down vs bottom-up

Perceptual contancy

How do we resolve ambiguities?

3D shape cues

Two streams of visual perception

Challenges for cognitive neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience techniques

fMRI

Advantages and disadvantages of fMRI

MEG: Magneto-encephalography

Advantages and disadvantages of MEG

EEG

Advantages and disadvantages of EEG

What method is best for spatial resolution?

Epoch

What is best method for temporal resolution

PET =: position emission tomography

Advantages and disadvantages of PET

TMS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Meta analysis of the efficacy of rTMS in psychiatric disorders

Advantages and disadvantages of TMS

Where was phineas gage's damage?

inattentional blindness

Attention as an information filter

Broadbent (1958)

Treisman's development of broadbent's model

Cocktail party effect

Spatial attention

Target detection study Laberge

Exogenous cue

Endogenous cue

Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA)

Inter-stimulus interval (ISI)

inhibition of return

Navon task

Stroop task

Adleman et al

Attention capture

Stare in the crowd effect

Global and local attention

The simon effect

Covert attention

Overt attention

How do our eyes work?

Saccades

Microsaccade

Smooth pursuit

Glissades

Optokinetic nystagmus

Vestibular ocular reflex

What can eye tracking tell us?

culture shapes how we look at faces

task goal alters scan paths

Heat maps

eye tracking and reading

Eye trackers as research tools

How do eye trackers work?

eye movements in sport

Theory of mind 'mentalising'

lab vs real settings

Profound skill is common

Stroop task- what is automatic?

Serial search

Parallel search

Skill is...

Action slip

When automatic processing hinders performance

Cost-benefit analysis

Perfect decisions are impossible

Heuristic

three heuristics which are responsible for a range of biases and errors:

Insufficient adjustment

Irrelevant anchors

Framing

what makes a good heuristic

optimal vs adaptive decision

Recognition heuristic

BIases are not mere errors

Reasons we might make systematic errors

where will you see biases

Meta-cognition

Confirmation bias

Ways of making wason task easier

factors that affect ease of fluency (processing)

Mental contamination

Illusion of explanatory depth (IoED)

Dunning kruger effect

Well defined problems

Ill defined problems

functional fixedness

analogical transfer