Elizabeth Mejia
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Elizabeth Mejia
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Philosophy - Chapter 3

Questão 1 de 40

1

A priori knowledge is a knowledge that is justified independently of experience

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 2 de 40

1

"Tadpoles become frogs" is an example of a posteriori knowledge.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 3 de 40

1

Logically necessary truths are examples of a posteriori knowledge

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 4 de 40

1

Descartes doubted every one of his beliefs except those that were based on solid sense experience

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 5 de 40

1

Ideas that are inborn or that the mind already contains prior to experience are called innate ideas

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 6 de 40

1

The Statement "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the sense" expresses empiricism

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 7 de 40

1

Kant tried to form a compromise between rationalism and atheism

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 8 de 40

1

According to your text, objectivism is a dogmatic, authoritarian position in which the speaker claims that he or she has the absolute truth

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 9 de 40

1

According to your text, the term "epistemology" comes from two Greek Words that mean

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • opinion and belief

  • knowledge and rational discourse

  • questioning and answers

  • searching and wisdom

Explicação

Questão 10 de 40

1

Philosophers, following Plato, have traditionally defined knowledge as

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a belief that someone embraces with conviction

  • true justified belief

  • something which is true, whether anyone is aware of it or not

  • any opinion which is true, and leads to a successful life

Explicação

Questão 11 de 40

1

The adjective "empirical" refers to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a claim for which no support is provided

  • anything that is based on experience

  • a logically necessary truth

  • a knowledge that is based on a definition

Explicação

Questão 12 de 40

1

The claim "Either my team will win its next game or it won't" is an example of.....

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a logically necessary truth and a priori knowledge

  • a logically necessary truth and a posteriori knowledge

  • factual information about the world and a posteriori knowledge

  • empirical knowledge

Explicação

Questão 13 de 40

1

One of the three epistemological questions discussed in the text is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Is there such a thing as mental telepathy?

  • Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?

  • What is the meaning of life?

  • Is scientific knowledge incompatible with religious faith?

Explicação

Questão 14 de 40

1

The text referred to René Descartes's strategy for finding certainty as

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the inference to the best explanation

  • the Socratic method

  • methodological skepticism

  • the scientific method

Explicação

Questão 15 de 40

1

The primary reason that Descartes doubted so many things was

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • he has lost the will to go on living

  • to show how foolish the ideas of his teachers were

  • to find if there was any belief that was certain

  • he was trying to attack religious belief

Explicação

Questão 16 de 40

1

In his initial examination of his beliefs, the one thing that Descartes could not doubt was that

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • he was doubting

  • he had a body

  • 2 + 3 = 5

  • he was awake and not dreaming

Explicação

Questão 17 de 40

1

Descartes's first bedrock of certainty was

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • "God exists"

  • "I am not now dreaming"

  • "I am, I exist."

  • "I have a body"

Explicação

Questão 18 de 40

1

Which of the following was one of the three anchor points of rationalism?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Scientific knowledge is the only kind of knowledge there is

  • The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori

  • There is no God

  • The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions

Explicação

Questão 19 de 40

1

According to the rationalist, logical truths, mathematical truths, and metaphysical truths are all examples of which kind of knowledge?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • empirical knowledge

  • a posteriori knowledge

  • a priori knowledge

  • truths that do not tell us anything about the world

Explicação

Questão 20 de 40

1

Innate ideas are ideas that

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are acquired through experience

  • based on an individual's cultural traditions

  • can never be known to be true

  • the mind already contains prior to experience

Explicação

Questão 21 de 40

1

In your reading from Plato's dialogue Phaedo, Socrates discusses

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the relationship between philosophy and the religious beliefs of his day

  • the method for forming a truly good society and appointing its leaders

  • how we can have knowledge of perfect justice, beauty, goodness and equality.

  • why it is impossible to harm a truly good person

Explicação

Questão 22 de 40

1

Descartes's principle "there must be as much reality in the cause as there is in the effect" was used to prove the existence of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • his soul

  • his body

  • God

  • the evil demon

Explicação

Questão 23 de 40

1

Descartes's argument for God's existence is based on

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the need for a reason to be moral

  • the fact that the universe requires a cause

  • the very idea of a perfect being

  • the order and design in the world

Explicação

Questão 24 de 40

1

According to Descartes, the explanation of how he had the idea of God in his mind is that

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • he intuited it from the beauty and grandeur of the universe

  • God planted the idea within him

  • his conscience and inner moral feelings led him to the idea of God

  • all the above

Explicação

Questão 25 de 40

1

Descartes finally concluded that he could trust his sense experience because

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • otherwise, life would not be worth living

  • apart from experience, he would be unable to do science

  • a good God would not deceive him

  • the knowledge gained through the senses is just too obvious to be doubted

Explicação

Questão 26 de 40

1

The empiricist believes that

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the only source of genuine knowledge is sense experience

  • apart from experience, the reason is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge

  • there is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 27 de 40

1

Three of the empiricists discussed in the text were

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • John Locke, George Berkely, and David Hume

  • Plato, Rene Descartes, and John Locke

  • Plato, Gottfried Leibniz, and George Berkely

  • Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke, David Hume

Explicação

Questão 28 de 40

1

According to your text, "idealism" means the belief

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • one should have an optimistic outlook on life

  • the task of philosophy is to search for the ideal conditions of knowledge

  • ultimate reality is mental or spiritual in nature

  • reality goes far beyond what we discover in sense experience

Explicação

Questão 29 de 40

1

Berkeley believed that the word "matter" refers to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • nothing at all

  • any object that is studied scientifically

  • the external cause of our perceptual experiences

  • something that is real, but only known indirectly

Explicação

Questão 30 de 40

1

Berkeley believed that the word "apple" refers to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • nothing more than a collection of experiences in our minds

  • a material object

  • a substance underlying what is experienced

  • nothing, since reality, does not exist

Explicação

Questão 31 de 40

1

Hume was skeptical about which of the following beliefs

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • our belief that the future will always be like the past

  • our belief in an external world

  • our belief in the existence of our self

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 32 de 40

1

Since fire has burned us in the past, we believe that fire will burn us in the future. According to Hume, this reasoning is based on

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • impressions

  • the principle of induction

  • the laws of logic

  • methodological skepticism

Explicação

Questão 33 de 40

1

Hume says our causal judgments are based on

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the experience of a necessary connection between two events

  • the similarity between two events

  • the bedrock certainty of the sciences

  • the constant conjunction of two events in our past experience

Explicação

Questão 34 de 40

1

Hume's test for evaluating the worth of a book was to ask: Does it contain either......

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • mathematical reasoning or experimental reasoning about matters of fact?

  • morally uplifting advice or conclusions based on the author's experience?

  • facts based on common opinion or the testimony of authorities

  • clear and distinct ideas or fruitful ideas that provoke the imagination

Explicação

Questão 35 de 40

1

Which of the following claims did Immanuel Kant assert?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • All our knowledge begins with experience

  • Experience alone cannot give us universal and necessary knowledge

  • The mind constructs the objects of knowledge

  • all of the above

Explicação

Questão 36 de 40

1

"Kant's revolution" refers to his proposal to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • reverse the relationship between knowledge and its objects in epistemology

  • overthrow the king

  • replace Newtonian physics with his theory

  • overthrow the claims of empiricism and return to pure rationalism

Explicação

Questão 37 de 40

1

The text referred to Kant's position as "constructivism" because

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • it was not negative and destructive like previous theories

  • he tried to construct a bridge between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge

  • he believed all knowledge was constructed out of the innate ideas in the mind

  • he claimed that the mind forms its objects out of the raw data of experience

Explicação

Questão 38 de 40

1

In Kant's terminology, things-as-they-appear-to-us are called __________ and things-in themselves are called ________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • complex ideas / simple ideas

  • ideas/material objects

  • the phenomena/the noumena

  • secondary qualities/primary qualities

Explicação

Questão 39 de 40

1

According to Kant, the mind makes knowledge possible by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • creating reality out of itself

  • imposing its own form on the materials of experience

  • mirroring the structures of reality

  • discovering the innate truths within the mind

Explicação

Questão 40 de 40

1

Kant's categories of the understanding are

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • habits of thought acquired through experience

  • his name for the laws of logic

  • laws of nature discovered by science

  • organizing principles the mind brings to the experience

Explicação