Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?
homeostasis
insomnia
melatonin
rhythm
What hormone does the pineal gland release?
insulin
estrogen
testosterone
The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.
circadian
homeostatic
meta
pineal
Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?
circadian rhythm
consciousness
jet lag
sleep
The sleep debt is the result of ________.
high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior
insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
the circadian rhythm
travel from one time zone to another
The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.
alpha
beta
delta
kappa
In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?
1
2
3
4
A theta wave is a type of ________.
brain wave associated with critical thinking
brain wave associated with sleep spindles
low frequency, high amplitude brain wave
low frequency, low amplitude brain wave
Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?
Carl Jung
John Hobson
Rosalind Cartwright
Sigmund Freud
The hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content.
Freudian
latent
manifest
NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________.
associated with lucid dreaming
outside periods of REM sleep
that always occurs immediately after REM sleep
that overlaps REM sleep
Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.
hypersomnia
night terror
restless leg syndrome
somnambulism
________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.
NREM phase
parasomnia
REM phase
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.
A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing.
An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic.
An individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep.
Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.
Sleep apnea is defined by ________.
a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape
episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops
uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep
unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.
lucid dreaming
parasomnias
protoconsciousness
Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.
conscience
REM sleep
unconsciousness
Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?
Jemma, competing in a marathon
Mercy, unconscious after being hit on the head
Petro, immediately before entering REM sleep
Samuel, sleepwalking in the middle of the night
Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
axon
biological
heterostatic
suprachiasmatic
When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.
circadian rhythms
heterostasis
internal-external stimulus
Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.
external
Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.
conscious
epidermal
peripheral
The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
protoconscious
stimulus
Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.
external circadian
night terrors
Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.
falls asleep in the middle of the day
sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period
suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt
Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.
electroencephalography
K-complex stimulation
sleep rebound
Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
non-REM
NREM
REM
Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.
Jungian
Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.
internal
lucid
stage 1
Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
crying while asleep
kicking and punching while asleep
snoring while asleep
talking while asleep
After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
sleep apnea
Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.
Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome.
agitated
nervous
restless
Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.
physical dependence
psychological dependence
tolerance
withdrawal
Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.
antipsychotic
depressant
hallucinogen
stimulant
Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn’t resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.
a stroke
damage to his K-complex
narcolepsy
Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?
Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.
While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.
hypnosis; meditation
meditation; hypnosis
meditation; somnambulism
somnambulism; meditation
Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn’t notice. This state was induced through ________.
cognitive behavioral therapy
hypnosis
K-complex manipulation
methamphetamines
Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?
feelings of despair
feelings of intense elation and pleasure
intense tactile sensation
time distortion
What occurs during stage 1 sleep?
Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken.
Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.
Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down.
Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens