The spinal cord occupies the entire vertebral canal:
yes
now
The end of the spinal cord (conus medularis) in adults is at L2:
Yes
No
The sacrum contains the subarachnoid space along the whole length of the sacral canal:
The atlas has the first cervical spinal nerve on it's posterior arch.
The first spinal nerve has the shortest roots ad the last one the longest.
The connection between the dorsal and the lateral funicle is called Lisauer zone (zona terminalis).
Sulcus intermedius dorsalis is a groove between sulcus medianus dorsalis and sulcus dorsolateralis in the upper thoracic and cervical part of the spinal cord
Dorsal funiculus in cervical segments contains fasciculus gracilis, laterally and fasciculus cuneatus, medually.
The spinal cord ends caudally at the cuccyx
If in the process of doing a lumbar puncture a spinal needle was inserted posteriorly in the midline until it had just penetrated the posterior longitudinal ligament, would the needle have entered the subarachnoid space?
The part of a spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is:
Dorsal primary ramus
Dorsal root
Ventral primary ramus
Ventral root
A football player suffers a herniated intervetebral disk in his neck. The disk compresses the spinal nerve exiting through the intervetebral foramen between the 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae. Which spinal nerve is affected?
C 4
C5
C6
C7
C8
A man has a herniated intervetebral disk netween the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. If the disk compresses the spinal nerve in the intervetebral foramen immediately posterior to this disk, which spinal nerve would be affected?
L3
L4
L5
S1
S2
Both the dural sac and the suarachnoid space end at which vertebral level?
S4
It is decided to image the spinal cord and spinal nerve rootlets by doing a myelogram. I order to inject the dye without damage to the spinal cord, the injection is usually done below what vertebral level?
L1
L2
The myelogram revealed that the dye had leaked out along the the spinal nerves in the mid cervical region on the righ side. For the dye to leak out, what layer must have been torn ot ruptured?
Arachnoid
Denticulate ligament
Periosteum
pia
perumeurium
In the lumbar spine, the L4 nerve roots sleeve exits:
above the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervetebral foramen
above the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervetebral foramen
below the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervetebral foramen
below the pedicle if L4 and at the bottom of the intervetebral foramen
Which structure does NOT contain efferent autonomic nerve fibers?
dorsal ramus of C4
dorsal root of t6
ventral root of t3
ventral ramus of l2
it was noted that after the injury the patient's face on the right side was flushed due to dilation of the blood vessels. The lack of vasoconstriction was due to interruption of what fibers somewhere along their course?
somatic afferent
somatic efferent
parasympathetic
sympathetic
a 60 years old male presented with a number of unusual signs and symptoms in the facial region. Among others, it was found that the right side of his face was flushed. Further testing revealed a lack of ability to sweat in the same cutaneous region. Which nervous structures were most likely implicated in this set of clinical abnormalities?
cranial outflow of the ans
dorsal roots of cervical nerves
gray rami communicantes of t5
sympathetic nerve fibers
vagus berves
The conus medularis:
exhibits both a cervical and lumbar enlargement.
has a modification of neural tissue extending from its termination to the coccygeal ligament
gives origin to most of the cauda equina
is found at its lowest extent at S2
is normally anesthetized to perform a spinal tap
A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers?
motor to deep back muscles
motor to the pectoralis major muscle
sensory from the skin ovelying the trapezius
sympathetic preganglionics to the suprarenal medulla
visceral efferents to the stomach
Which is a source of axons found in the dorsal primary ramus of the 4th thoracic spinal nerve?
Afferent neurons arising from the skin overlying the trapezius muscle
somatic motor neurons supplying the levator scapulae muscle
somatic motor neurons supplying the rhomboid muscles
somatic motor neurons supplying the trapezius muscle
The denticulate ligament:
is a modification of the pia mater
is found between all dorsal and ventral roots
attaches to the dural sac continuously
has its terminal attachment at S2
holds the radicular arteries in place
In order to expose the spinal cord from the posterior side, it is necessary to remove:
Laminae, pedicles and ligamenta flava
Laminae, spinous preocess and ligamenta flava
Pedicles, spinous process and posterior logitudinal ligament
Transverse process, pedicles and ligamenta flava
