A 50-year-old woman has elevated serum cholesterol levels that increase her risk for cardiovascular disease. One method to control this risk factor is to identify current diet trends and describe dietary changes to reduce the risk. This nursing activity is a form of:
Referral
Counseling
Health education.
Stress-management techniques.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major health problem in young adults. Men ages 20 to 24 years have the highest rate of which STI?
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Herpes zoster
A patient is laboring with her first baby, who is about to be delivered 2 weeks early. Her husband is in the military and might not get back in time, and both families are unable to be with her during labor. The doctor decides to call in which of the following people employed by the birthing area as a support person to be present during labor?
Nurse
Midwife
Geneticist
Lay doula
A 34-year-old female executive has a job with frequent deadlines. She notes that, when the deadlines appear, she has a tendency to eat high-fat, high-carbohydrate foods. She also explains that she gets frequent headaches and stomach pain during these deadlines. The nurse provides a number of options for the executive, and she chooses yoga. In this scenario yoga is used as a (n):
Outpatient referral.
Counseling technique.
Health promotion activity.
Stress-management technique.
With the exception of pregnant or lactating women, the young adult has usually completed physical growth by the age of:
18
20
25
30
A 45-year-old woman who is obese tells a nurse that she wants to lose weight. After conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse concludes that which of the following may be contributing factors to the woman’s obesity?
The woman works in an executive position that is very demanding.
The woman works out at the corporate gym at 5 am two mornings per week.
The woman says that she has little time to prepare meals at home and eats out at least four nights a week.
The woman says that she tries to eat “low-cholesterol” foods to help lose weight.
The woman says that she vacations annually to reduce stress.
Middle-age adults frequently find themselves trying to balance responsibilities related to employment, family life, care of children, and care of aging parents. People finding themselves in this situation are frequently referred to as being a part of:
The sandwich generation.
The millennial generation.
Generation X.
Generation Y.
A 50-year-old male patient is seen in the clinic. He tells a nurse that he has recently lost his job and his wife of 26 years has asked for a divorce. He has a flat affect. Family history reveals that his father committed suicide at the age of 53. The nurse assesses for the following:
Cardiovascular disease
Depression
Sexually transmitted infection
Iron deficiency anemia
Formation of positive health habits may prevent the development of chronic illness later in life. Which of the following are examples of positive health habits?
Routine screening and diagnostic tests
Unprotected sexual activity
Regular exercise
Excess alcohol consumption
Consistent seat belt use
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is linked to which of the following factors?
Alcohol abuse
Marriage
Pregnancy
Unemployment
Drug use
Chronic illness (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis) may affect a person’s roles and responsibilities during middle adulthood. When assessing the health-related knowledge base of both the middle-age patient with a chronic illness and his family, your assessment includes which of the following?
The medical course of the illness
The prognosis for the patient
Socioeconomic status
Coping mechanisms of the patient and family
The need for community and social services
Sharing eating utensils with a person who has a contagious illness increases the risk of illness. This type of health risk arises from:
Lifestyle
Community.
Family history.
Personal hygiene habits.
A nurse is completing an assessment on a male patient, age 24. Following the assessment, the nurse notes that his physical and laboratory findings are within normal limits. Because of these findings, nursing interventions are directed toward activities related to:
Instructing him to return in 2 years.
Instructing him in secondary prevention.
Instructing him in health promotion activities.
Implementing primary prevention with vaccines.
A single young adult interacts with a group of close friends from college and work. They celebrate birthdays and holidays together. In addition, they help one another through many stressors. These individuals are viewed as:
Family.
Siblings.
Substitute parents.
Alternative family structure.
When determining the amount of information that a patient needs to make decisions about the prescribed course of therapy, many factors affect his or her compliance with the regimen, including educational level and socioeconomic factors. Which additional factor affects compliance?
Gender
Motivation
Family history
A nursing student is caring for a 78-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis. The patient has had an indwelling Foley catheter in for 3 days. Eight hours ago the patient’s temperature was 37.1° C (98.8° F). The student reports her recent assessment to the registered nurse (RN): the patient’s temperature is 37.2° C (99° F); the Foley catheter is still in place, draining dark urine; and the patient is uncertain what time of day it is. From what the RN knows about presentation of symptoms in older adults, what should he recommend first?
Tell the student that temporary confusion is normal and simply requires reorientation
Tell the student to increase the patient’s fluid intake since the urine is concentrated
Tell the student that her assessment findings are normal for an older adult
Tell the student that he will notify the patient’s health care provider of the findings and recommend a urine culture
Older adults frequently experience a change in sexual activity. Which best explains this change?
The need to touch and be touched is decreased.
The sexual preferences of older adults are not as diverse.
Physical changes usually do not affect sexual functioning.
Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline.
The nurse is completing an admission assessment with an 80-yearold man who experienced a hip fracture following a fall. He is alert, lives alone, and has very poor hygiene. He reports a 20-pound weight loss in the last 6 months following his wife’s death, as well as estrangement from his only child. He admits to falls before this most recent fall. What should the nurse suspect?
Dementia.
Elder abuse.
Delirium.
Alcohol abuse.
A nurse is assessing an older adult brought to the emergency department following a fall and wrist fracture. She notes that the patient is very thin and unkempt, has a stage 3 pressure ulcer to her coccyx, and has old bruising to the extremities in addition to her new bruises from the fall. She defers all of the questions to her caregiver son who accompanied her to the hospital. The nurse’s next step is to:
Call social services to begin nursing home placement.
Ask the son to step out of the room so she can complete her assessment.
Call adult protective services because you suspect elder mistreatment.
Assess patient’s cognitive status.
A patient’s family member is considering having her mother placed in a nursing center. The nurse has talked with the family before and knows that this is a difficult decision. Which of the following criteria does the nurse recommend in choosing a nursing center?
The center needs to be clean, and rooms should look like a hospital room.
Adequate staffing is available on all shifts.
Social activities are available for all residents.
The center provides three meals daily with a set menu and serving schedule.
Staff encourage family involvement in care planning and assisting with physical care.
A nurse conducted an assessment of a new patient who came to the medical clinic. The patient is 82 years old and has had osteoarthritis for 10 years and diabetes mellitus for 20 years. He is alert but becomes easily distracted during the assessment. He recently moved to a new apartment, and his pet beagle died just 2 months ago. He is most likely experiencing:
Depression.
Delirium
Hypoglycemic reaction.
Sexuality is maintained throughout our lives. Which of the following answers best explains sexuality in an older adult?
When the sexual partner passes away, the survivor no longer feels sexual.
A decrease in an older adult’s libido occurs.
Any outward expression of sexuality suggests that the older adult is having a developmental problem.
All older adults, whether healthy or frail, need to express sexual feelings.
The nurse is working with an older adult after an acute hospitalization. The goal is to help this person be more in touch with time, place, and person. Which intervention will likely be most effective?
Reminiscence
Validation therapy
Reality orientation
Body image interventions
The nurse is completing a health history with the daughter of a newly admitted patient who is confused and agitated. The daughter reports that her mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease 1 year ago but became extremely confused last evening and was hallucinating. She was unable to calm her, and her mother thought she was a stranger. On the basis of this history, the nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing:
New-onset dementia.
Worsening dementia.
The nurse sees a 76-year-old woman in the outpatient clinic. She states that she recently started noticing a glare in the lights at home. Her vision is blurred; and she is unable to play cards with her friends, read, or do her needlework. The nurse suspects that the woman may have:
Presbyopia.
Presbycusis
Cataract(s).
A nurse is participating in a health and wellness event at the local community center. A woman approaches and relates that she is worried that her widowed father is becoming more functionally impaired and may need to move in with her. The nurse inquires about his ability to complete activities of daily living (ADLs). ADLs include independence with:
Driving.
Toileting.
Bathing
Daily exercise.
Eating.
A 63-year-old patient is retiring from his job at an accounting firm where he was in a management role for the past 20 years. He has been with the same company for 42 years and was a dedicated employee. His wife is a homemaker. She raised their five children, babysits for her grandchildren as needed, and belongs to numerous church committees. What are the major concerns for this patient?
The loss of his work role
The risk of social isolation
A determination if the wife will need to start working
How the wife expects household tasks to be divided in the home in retirement
The age the patient chose to retire
A 71-year-old patient enters the emergency department after falling down stairs in the home. The nurse is conducting a fall history with the patient and his wife. They live in a one-level ranch home. He has had diabetes for over 15 years and experiences some numbness in his feet. He wears bifocal glasses. His blood pressure is stable at 130/70. The patient does not exercise regularly and states that he experiences weakness in his legs when climbing stairs. He is alert, oriented, and able to answer questions clearly. What are the fall risk factors for this patient?
Impaired vision
Residence design
Blood pressure
Leg weakness
Exercise history
A nurse is caring for a patient preparing for discharge from the hospital the next day. The patient does not read. His family caregiver will be visiting before discharge. What can the nurse do to facilitate the patient’s understanding of his discharge instructions?
Yell so the patient can hear you.
Sit facing the patient so he is able to watch your lip movements and facial expressions.
Present one idea or concept at a time.
Send a written copy of the instructions home with him and tell him to have the family review them.
Include the family caregiver in the teaching session.
During a home health visit a nurse talks with a patient and his family caregiver about the patient’s medications. The patient has hypertension and renal disease. Which of the following findings place him at risk for an adverse drug event?
Taking two medications for hypertension
Taking a total of eight different medications during the day
Having one physician who reviews all medications
Patient’s health history of renal disease
Involvement of the caregiver in helping with medication administration
