PRRs

PAMPs

Transcription factors turned on by MyD88 dependant and independant signalling

C-type Lectin receptors

Mincle

RIG-1 like receptors

Th1 Tcell
what activates it
what response does it produce

Th2 CD4 Tcells

What does MyD88 independant signalling use instead of MyD88?

Explain the structure of a BCR

Explain the structure of a TCR

What are two other sources of variation for the Bcell receptor other than rearrangment?

RSS

RAG-1 and RAG-2

How is RAG-1 and RAG-2 cutting repaired?

Allelic exclusion

Where does Negative and positive selection of Tcells occur

Negative selection

Positive selection

Features of cytokines

Pleiotrophic

Why are cytokines tightly regulated and how?

What does sustained of systemic production of cytokines lead to?

IL-2, IL-6, TNFalpha

Endogenous pyrogens

What are effects of pro-infammatory cytokines

Cytokine storm

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

IL-10 effects

Chemokines

Describe overall chemokine structure

CXC chemokines

CC chemokines

C chemokines

CX3C chemokines

Structure of a chemokine receptor?

IL-8

Antigen specific

Coreceptor

Adhesion

Co-stimulation

What inflammatory signals does the APC give the Tcell?

CTLA-4

p-SMAC

Describe the intracellular process of TCR activation

Outcome of TCR activation

Th

Tc

What do CD4 Tcell subsets do?

What do CD8 Tcell subsets do?

CD4 Th1

CD4 Th2

What can result from Th1 and Th2 if things go wrong?

IL-12

IL-23

Th17 immune cells

Tfh

Th9

Type 1 response CD8

Type 2 responses CD8

Non conventional Tcells

Non convential Tcell NK

What two types of transcription factors are needed in Tcell activation?

Th1

Th2 cells

Th17 cells

What are the five ways of keeping a tcell subset that subset?

What controls the speed of response?

What controls the magnitude of a response?

What drives the resolution of a response

Tregs

Natural Tregs

Induced Tregs

What do Tregs express?

Foxp3

Foxp3

Foxp3

Foxp3

IL-10 secretion by Tregs

TGFb expression by Tregs

CTLA-4 and Tregs

IPEX

M2

What do B cells do?

Tcell dependant antibody production

CD40L

CD40L

Spleen

White pulp

Germinal centres

Role of antibodies

Somatic hypermutation

AID

Affinity maturation

Where does somatic hypermutation and antibody class switching occur

Antibody classes

What three forms does antibody come in?

IgM

IgG

IgD

IgA

IgE

What drives class switching?

What is initally produced in an immune response followed by what?

What isotype do naive b cells express?

What is immunological memory?

Immunology memory is

Where do short lived plasma cells reside

Long lived plasma cells reside in?

What are long lived plasma cells a source

Where do memory Bcells arise from?

Features of a memory Bcell

T memory cells

Features of T memory cells

Why are T memory cell better?

Central memory

Effector memory