Biology Unit 1

Magnification

Resolution

Micrometre

Nanometre

Staining

Light microscopes

Electron microscopes

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Scanning electron microsope (SEM)

Sectioning

Limitations of light microscopes

Advantages of light microscopes

Limitations of electron microcopes

Advantages of electron microscopes

Ultrastructure

Plasma (cell surface) membrane: Description

Plasma (cell surface) membrane: Fuction

Cell wall: Description

Cell wall: Function:

Nucleus: Description

Nucleus: Function

Nucleolus: Functions

Lysosome: Description

Lysosome: Function

Ribosome: Description

Endoplasmic reticulum: Description

Endoplasmic reticulum: Function

Vesicle: Description

Vesicle: Function

Golgi apparatus: Description

Golgi apparatus: Function

Mitochondrion: Description

Mitochondrion: Function

Chloroplast: Description 1

Chloroplast: Description 2

Chloroplasts: Function

Cytoskeleton (centrioles): Description

Cytoskeleton (centrioles): Function

Cilia: Description

Cilia: Function

Flagellum: Description

Flagellum: Function

Organelle

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes: Features

Posistive uses of prokaryotes

Phospholipid bilayer

Fluid mosaic

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

Cholesterol (cell membranes)

Phospholipids

Carrier and channel proteins

Cell signalling

Diffusion

Active transport

Facilitated diffusion

Endo and Exocytosis

Solute

Solvent

Solution

Osmosis

Haemolysed

Isotonic solution

Crenated

Turgid

Plasmolysed

Xyelm

Phloem

Vascular tissue/bundle

Pericycle

Cambium

Midrib

Adaptations of xylem 1

Adaptations of xyelm 2

Sieve tubes

Companion cells

Plasmodesmata

Lignin

Water potential

Apoplast pathway

Symplast pathway

Vacuolar pathway

Cohesion

Adhesion

Casparian strip 1

Casparian strip 2

Transpiration pull

Capillary action

Root pressure

Water leaving the leaf

Transpiration

Transpiration processes

Transpiration stream

Importance of the transpiration stream

Potometer

Factors affecting transpiration

Reducing water loss

Xerophytes

Xerophyte features