Caspian Sea

Samarqand

Oxus River

Khurasan

Basra

Baghdad

Tigris River

Euphrates River

Anatolia

Cyprus

Damascus

Jerusalem

Arabian Peninsula

Iberian Peninsula

Qayrawan/Kairouan

Mediterranean Sea

Nile River

Alexandria

Cairo

Medina

Mecca

Constantinople

Black Sea

Aral Sea

Bukhara

Jaxartes River

Transoxiana

Red Sea

Persian Gulf

Kufa