CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
Describe why animals have a heart and circulatory system.

Define the terms 'mass flow' and 'diffusion'

Describe the features of a mass flow system and explain why certain organisms need to use mass flow.

Describe the differences between 'open circulatory' and 'closed circulatory' systems.

Identify key features of single and double circulatory systems and explain these features.

Describe the structure of the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

List the key components of blood and describe their functions.

Describe with the aid of a diagram the structure of a water molecule illustrating hydrogen bonding.

Describe how the polar nature of water makes it useful as a solvent.

Describe the function or arteries, veins and capillaries and how it relates to their function.

Explain why the walls of the ventricles are thicker than the walls of the atria.

Explain why the left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall.

Describe the main stages of the cardiac cycle.

Describe the main stages of the cardiac cycle.

Describe the main stages of the cardiac cycle.

Describe and explain what causes the valves to open and close.

Define what is meant by the terms myocardial infarction, stroke and angina.

Define what is meant by the terms aneurysm, Thrombosis and Endothelial dysfunction.

Define what an atheroma is and explain how it can turn into a plaque.

Explain how a plaque leads to narrowing of an artery and thrombosis.

List the sequence of events that can lead to atherosclerosis

Explain how atherosclerosis can lead to increasing blood pressure and how this is an example of a positive feedback system.