Scientific Nomenclature of Microorganism

Five steps required for infection

Basic Prokaryotic Cell

Bacterial Cell Wall

Peptidoglycan (PG)/ Muerin

Basic Eukaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell Composure

Building the Cell Wall

Cytoplasmic Phase

Transversely

Membrane associated phase

Lipid carrier cycle

Extracytoplasmic phase

Porin

Pariplasmic space

Outer Membrane Layer

Lipopolysaccharide

Lipoteichoic acid

Mycolic Acid

Teichoic Acid

M protein

Mycolic acid

Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide layer

Translocation Protein System

Bacteria like Mycoplasma

Lipid A

O polysaccharides

Coccus

Vibrio

Bacillus

Coccobacci

Fusiform Bacillus

Spirillum

Spirochete

Diplococcus

Streptococcus

Staphylococcus

Tetrad

Staining

Basic Dyes

Acidic/ Alkaline Dyes

Simple stain

Differential stain

Simple Stain dyes

Gram Stain
(Hans Christian Gram 1884)

Fixation

Ethanol

Gram-positive cell wall

Gram-negative cell wall

Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast Stain

Acid-fast

Color-fast

Teichoic Acid
(Clinical Significance)

HAI's

Lipoteichoic Acid
(Clinical Significance)

Bacteremia

Septicemia

M Proteins
(Clinical Significance)

Mycelia acid
(Clinical Significance)

The outer layer
(Clinical significance)

Porins
(Clinical Significance)

Lipopolysaccharide
(Clinical Significance)

Lipid A
(Clinical Significance)

O Polysaccharides
(Clinical Significance)

Glycocalyx
(Adherence)

Capsule

Slime Layer

Glycocalyx
(Movement/ motility)

Glycocalyx

Glycocalyx
(Clinical Significance )

K. pneumoniae virulence

Fimbriae & Pili

Fimbriae

Pili

Twitching motility

Pili
(Significance)

Pili
(Clinical Significance)

Fimbriae
(Clinical Significance)

Immune Escape

Phase variation

Antigenic variation / post-translational modification

S pili

Axial Filaments

Axial Filaments
(Clinical Significance)

Spirochetes

Flagella

Flagella in gram-negative

Flagella in gram-positive

Basic Flagella Structure

Filament

Monotrichous

Amphitrichous

Lophotrichous

Peritrichous

Flagella
(Clinical Significance)

Intracellular Movement

Plasma membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Membrane/ Plasma membrane

Phospholipid Bilayer

Peripheral proteins

Integral proteins

Energy production
(Plasma Membrane)

Membrane Transport

Osmosis

Hypertonic solution

Hypotonic solution

Isotonic solution

Passive Transport

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active Transport

Efflux pumping

ABC transport system

Group Translocation

PEP

Plasma Membrane
(Clinical Significance)

Nuclear Region

Plasmids

Conjugation

DNA and Plasmids
(Clinical Significance)

Ribosomes

Ribosome
(Clinical Significance)

Inclusion bodies

Endospores

Anthrax

Clostridium botulinum

Endospore formation

Sporogenesis
(Clinical Significance)

Requirements for bacterial growth

Bacteria growth

Binary fission

Generation time

Physical requirements for bacterial growth

Chemical requirements for bacterial growth

Danger Zone

Optimum temperature

Temperature
(Clinical Significance)

pH
(Clinical Significance)

Neutrophiles

Acidophiles

Denaturation of proteins

Osmotic pressure

Halophilic bacteria

Obligate bacteria

Extreme bacteria

Facultative

Psychrophile

Psychrotroph

Mesophile

Thermophile

Hyperthermophile

Alkalophile

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Nitrogen

Sulfur

Phsophorus

Potassium, magnesium, calcium

Iron

Organic Growth factors