Ikinyabiziga cyose cyangwa ibinyabiziga bigenda bigomba kugira:

Ijambo “akayira” bivuga inzira nyabagendwa ifunganye yagenewe gusa:

Umurongo uciyemo uduce umenyesha ahegereye umurongo ushobora kuzuzwa n’uturanga gukata tw’ibara ryera utwo turanga cyerekezo tumenyesha :

Ahantu ho kugendera mu muhanda herekanwa n’ibimenyetso bimurika ibinyabiziga ntibishobora kuhagenda :

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba gukorerwa isuzumwa buri mwaka:

Ubugari bwa romoruki ikuruwe n’ikinyamitende itatu ntibugomba kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Uburebure bw’ibinyabiziga bikurikira ntibugomba kurenga metero 11 :

Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira :

9. Kunyuranaho bikorerwa:

Icyapa cyerekana umuvuduko ntarengwa ikinyabiziga kitagomba kurenza gishyirwa gusa ku binyabiziga bifite uburemere ntarengwa bukurikira:

Ahatari mu nsisiro umuvuduko ntarengwa mu isaha wa velomoteri ni:

Umuyobozi ugenda mu muhanda igihe ubugari bwawo budatuma anyuranaho nta nkomyi ashobora kunyura mu kayira k’abanyamaguru ariko amaze kureba ibi bikurikira:

13. Ku byerekeye kwerekana ibinyabiziga n’ukumurika kwabyo ndetse no kwerekana ihindura ry’ibyerekezo byabyo. Birabujijwe gukora andi matara cyangwa utugarurarumuri uretse ibitegetswe ariko ntibireba amatara akurikira:

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko umuvuduko ntarengwa w’amapikipiki mu isaha ni:

Uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango ikinyabiziga kigende gahoro igihe feri idakora neza babwita:

Nibura ikinyabiziga gitegetswe kugira uduhanagurakirahure tungahe:

Amatara maremare y’ikinyabiziga agomba kuzimwa mu bihe bikurikira:

Ikinyabiziga ntigishobora kugira amatara arenga abiri y’ubwoko bumwe keretse kubyerekeye amatara akurikira:

Ubugari bwa romoruki ikuruwe n’igare cyangwa velomoteri ntiburenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa nka tagisi, bitegerereza abantu mu nzira nyabagendwa, bishobora gushyirwaho itara ryerekana ko ikinyabiziga kitakodeshejwe. Iryo tara rishyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira:

Za otobisi zagenewe gutwara abanyeshuri zishobora gushyirwaho amatara abiri asa n’icunga rihishije amyasa kugirango yerekane ko zihagaze no kwerekana ko bagomba kwitonda, ayo matara ashyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira :

Itara ryo guhagarara ry’ibara ritukura rigomba kugaragara igihe ijuru rikeye nibura mu ntera ikurikira:

Iyo umuvuduko w’ibinyabiziga bidapakiye ushobora kurenga km50 mu isaha ahategamye, bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by’ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera:

Birabujijwe kugenza ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri naza romoruki zikururwa nabyo, iyo ibiziga byambaye inziga zidahagwa cyangwa inziga zikururuka zifite umubyimba uri hasi ya cm 4. Ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa kubinyabiziga bikurikira:

Igice cy'inzira nyabagendwa kigarukira ku mirongo ibiri yera icagaguye ibangikanye kandi gifite ubugari budahagije kugira ngo imodoka zitambuke neza, kiba ari:

Ubugari bwa romoruki ntiburenza ubugari bw’ikinyabiziga kiyikurura iyo ikuruwe n’ibinyabiziga bikurikira:

Iyo hatarimo indi myanya birabujijwe gutwara ku ntebe y’imbere y’imodoka abana badafite imyaka:

Icyapa kivuga gutambuka mbere y’ibinyabiziga biturutse imbere gifite amabara akurikira:

Ni ryari itegeko rigenga gutambuka mbere kw’iburyo rikurikizwa mu masangano:

Ibimenyetso bimurika byerekana uburyo bwo kugendera mu muhanda kw'ibinyabiziga bishyirwa iburyo bw'umuhanda. Ariko bishobora no gushyirwa ibumoso cyangwa hejuru y’umuhanda:

Iyo itara ry’umuhondo rimyatsa rikoreshejwe mu masangano y’amayira ahwanyije agaciro rishyirwa ahagana he:

Inkombe z’inzira nyabagendwa cyangwa z’umuhanda zishobora kugaragazwa n’ibikoresho ngarurarumuri. Ibyo bikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ku buryo abagenzi babibona :

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba gukorerwa isuzumwa rimwe mu mezi 6:

Iyo kuyobya umuhanda ari ngombwa bigaragazwa kuva aho uhera no kuburebure bwawo n’icyapa gifite ubuso bw’amabara akurikira:

Ku mihanda ibyapa bikurikira bigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bumwe:

Ni iyihe feri ituma imodoka igenda buhoro kandi igahagarara ku buryo bwizewe bubangutse kandi nyabwo, uko imodoka yaba yikoreye kose yaba igeze ahacuramye cyangwa ahaterera:

Ibizirikisho by’iminyururu cyangwa by’insinga kimwe n’ibindi by’ingoboka bikoreshwa gusa igihe nta kundi umuntu yabigenza kandi nta kindi bigiriwe uretse gusa kugirango ikinyabiziga kigere aho kigomba gukorerwa kandi nturenze na rimwe km 20 mu isaha, ibyo bizirikisho bigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Uretse mu mujyi, ku yindi mihanda yajyenwe na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, uburemere ntarengwa ku binyabiziga bifite imitambiko itatu cyangwa irenga hatarimo makuzungu ni :

Ubugari bw’imizigo yikorewe n’ibinyamitende itatu n’ubwiyikorewe n’ibinyamitende 4 bifite cyangwa bidafite moteri kimwe n’ubw’iyikorewe na romuruki zikuruwe n’ibyo binyabiziga ntibushobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Kunyura ku binyabiziga bindi, uretse icy’ibiziga bibiri, bibujijwe aha hakurikira:

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zitwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange ni:

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zikoreshwa nk’amavatiri y’ifasi cyangwa amatagisi zifite uburemere bwemewe butarenga kilogarama 3500 ni:

Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira :

Iyo bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibihe bimeze nk’igihe cy’ibihu cyangwa cy’imvura bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, udutsiko twose tw’abanyamaguru nk’imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw’abanyeshuri bari ku murongo bayobowe n’umwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe bagomba kugaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira :

Utuyira turi ku mpande z’umuhanda n’ inkengero zigiye hejuru biharirwa abanyamaguru mu bihe bikurikira:

Imburira zimurika zemerewe gukoreshwa kugirango bamenyeshe umuyobozi ko bagiye kumunyuraho aha hakurikira:

Uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ntibushobora kurenga ½ cy’uburemere bw’ikinyabiziga gikurura nubw’umuyobozi kuri romoruki zikurikira :

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari bufite ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare :

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze ku buryo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi y’ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye :

Iyo ikinyabiziga gifite amatara abiri cyangwa menshi y’ubwoko bumwe ayo matara agomba kugira ibara rimwe n’ingufu zingana kandi akagomba gushyirwaho ku buryo buteganye uhereye ku murongo ugabanya ikinyabizigamo kabiri mu burebure bwacyo. Ariko ibi ntibikurikizwa ku matara akurikira:

Ahari hejuru cyane y’ubuso bumurika h’amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira hejuru y’ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:

Ni ryari ikinyabiziga gishobora kugenda mu muhanda moteri itaka cyangwa vitesi idakora:

Umurongo mugari wera udacagaguye ushobora gucibwa ku muhanda kugirango ugaragaze ibi bikurikira:

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara risa n’icyatsi kibisi bituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira icyerekana umuvuduko kiri aho umuyobozi areba neza kandi kigahora kitabwaho kugirango kigume gukora neza:

Ubugari bw’imizigo yikorewe n’ipikipiki idafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande kimwe n’ubwa romoruki ikuruwe na bene icyo kinyabiziga ntibushobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira itara ry’ubururu rimyatsa riboneka mu mpande zose:

Ibinyabiziga bihinga n’ibindi bikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa n’ibigo bipatana imirimo, iyo bigenda mu nzira nyabagendwa igihe cya nijoro cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibihe bimeze bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200 bishobora kugaragazwa inyuma n’amatara 2 atukura, bipfa kuba bitarenza ibipimo bikurikira:

. Iyo romoruki iziritse ku kinyamitende, velomoteri n’amapikipiki bidafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande uretse ikinyamitende na velomoteri bidafite umuyobozi, iyo uburumbarare bwayo cyangwa bw’ibyo yikoreye bituma itara ry’ikinyabiziga gikurura ritagaragara igihe bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200 bigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Ku kinyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntikigomba kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Iyo amatara y’ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa kandi igihe imizigo isumba impera y’ikinyabiziga ho metero irenga igice gihera cy’imizigo kigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Iyo imizigo igizwe n’ibinyampeke, ikawa, ipamba idatonoye, ibishara, ibyatsi, ibishami cyangwa ubwatsi bw’amatungo bidahambiriye uretse amapaki afunze, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:

Uretse mu mijyi kuyindi mihanda yagenywe na minisiteri ushinzwe gutwara ibintu n’abantu, uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ku binyabiziga bifatanye bifite imitambiko itatu ni:

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara rituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rifite amabara akurikira:

Ikinyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana bifite imitambiko ibiri ikurikiranye mu bugari bwayo ni ukuvuga imitambiko yihindukiza kucyo ifungiyeho, uburebure bwabyo ntibugomba kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Bumwe muri ubu bwoko bwa feri ituma imodoka iguma aho iri uko yaba yikoreye kose ku muzamuko cyangwa ku gacuri bya 16%, imyanya ya feri igomba gufata igakomeza kwegera kuburyo bw’ibyuma niyo umuyobozi yaba atarimo:

Utugarurarumuri turi mu mbavu z’ikinyabiziga tugomba kugira ibara rikurikira:

Romoruki zifite ubugari ntarengwa bwa cm 80 zishobora gushyirwaho akagarurarumuri kamwe gusa iyo zikuruwe n’ibinyabiziga bikurikira:

Amatara maremare y’ibara ryera cyangwa ry’umuhondo agomba, nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye, kumurika mu muhanda mu ntera ya m 100 nibura imbere y’ikinyabiziga, ariko ku binyabiziga bifite moteri itarengeje za sentimetero kibe 125 iyo ntera igira ibipimo bikurikira:

Iyo banyuze iruhande rw’inkomyi abanyamaguru bagomba gukikira banyuze mu muhanda, abayobozi bagomba gusiga umwanya ufite ubugari bwa m 1 nibura hagati yabo nayo. Iyo ibyo bidashobora kubahirizwa kandi umunyamaguru akaba anyura hafi yiyo nkomyi, umuyobozi agomba kuyikikira afite umuvuduko utarengeje ibipimo bikurikira:

Guhagarara akanya gato no guhagarara akanya kanini bibujijwe cyane cyane aha hakurikira:

Amatara ndangambere n’aya ndanganyuma y’imodoka zitarengeje m 6 z’uburebure na m 2 z’ubugari habariwemo imitwaro kdi nta kinyabiziga kindi kiziritseho ashobora gusimburwa n’amatara akurikira, iyo ibyo binyabiziga bihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini mu nsisiro bibangikanye ku ruhande rw’umuhanda:

Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe nuko ibihe bimeze nk’igihe cy’igihu cyangwa cy’imvura bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, imirongo y’ingabo z’igihugu zigendera kuri gahunda n’utundi dutsiko twose tw’abanyamaguru nk’imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw’abanyeshuri bari ku murongo bayobowe na mwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe, bagaragzwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Imizigo yikorewe n’amagare, velomoteri, amapikipiki, ibinyamitende by’ibiziga bitatu nibyo ibiziga bine bifite cyangwa bidafite moteri inyuma ntishobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Itara ndanganyuma rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa utugarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze kuburyo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi ya cm 40 kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku matara akurikira:

Iyo tumuritswe n’amatara y’urugendo y’i kinyabiziga utugarurarumuri tugomba n’ijoro, igihe ijuru rikeye kubonwa n’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga kiri mu ntera ikurikira:

. Ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri, hatarimo velomoteri n’ibinyabiziga bidapakiye umuvuduko wabyo udashobora kurenga km 50 mu isaha ahateganye bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by’ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera ikurikira:

Ahatari mu nsisiro ibyapa biburira n’ibyapa byo gutambuka mbere bigomba gushyirwa mu ntera ikurikira y’ahantu habyerekana:

Inkombe z’inzira nyabagendwa cyangwa z’umuhanda zishobora kugaragazwa n’ibikoresho ngarurarumuri. Ibyo bikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ku buryo abagenzi babibona ku buryo bukurikira:

Ahatari mu nsisiro, umuyobozi wese ugenza ikinyabiziga kimwe cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikomatanye bifite uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe burenga ibiro 3500 cyangwa bifite uburebure bwite burenga metero 10 agomba, keretse iyo anyuze cyangwa agiye kunyura ku bindi binyabiziga, gusiga hagati y’ikinyabiziga cye n’iki muri imbere umwanya uhagije kugirango ibinyabiziga bimuhiseho bishobore kuhigobeka bidateje impanuka igihe bibaye ngombwa ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa mu bihe bikurikira:

Ibiziga by’ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri n’ibya velomoteri kimwe n’ibya romoruki zabyo bigomba kuba byambaye inziga zihagwa zifite amano n’ubujyakuzimu butari munsi ya milimetero imwe ku migongo yabyo yose nubudodo bwabyo ntibugire ahantu na hamwe bugaragara kandi ntibugire aho byacitse bikomeye mu mpande zabyo ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku binyabiziga bikurikira:

Amatara ndangacyerekezo agomba kuba agizwe n’ibintu bifashe ku rumuri rumyasa, biringaniye ku buryo bigira umubare utari igiharwe ku mpande z’imbere n’inyuma z’ikinyabiziga ayo matara aba afite amabara akurikira:

Amahoni y’ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri agomba kohereza ijwi ry’injyana imwe rikomeza kandi ridacengera amatwi ariko ibinyabiziga bikurikira bishobora kugira ihoni ridasanzwe ridahuye n’ibivuzwe haruguru:

Icyapa kibuza kunyura kubindi binyabiziga byose uretse ibinyamitende ibiri n’amapikipiki adafite akanyabiziga ku ruhande gifite ibimenyetso by’amabara akurikira:

Icyapa kivuga ko hatanyurwa mu byerekezo byombi kirangwa n’ubuso bw’ibara rikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira ibikoresho by’ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera ya m 20:

Imirongo y’ingabo z’igihugu zigendera kuri gahunda n’utundi dutsiko twose tw’abanyamaguru nk’imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw’abanyeshuri iyo bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m200, bagaragazwa ni itara ryera imbere naho inyuma ni itara ry’umutuku ariko iyo uburebure bwiyo mirongo cyangwa bw’utwo dutsiko burenga m6 impande zatwo cyangwa zayo zigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma y’imodoka zitarengeje m 6 z’uburebure na m 2 z’ubugari habariwemo imitwaro kandi nta kindi kinyabiziga kiziritseho ashobora gusimburwa n’amatara yo guhagarara umwanya munini iyo ibyo binyabiziga bihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini mu nsisiro bibangikanye ku ruhande rw’umuhanda. Ayo matara arangwa n’amabara akurikira:

Amatara ndangaburumbarare agomba kubonwa nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye n’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga kiri mu ntera ya :

Uretse ku byerekeye imihanda iromboreje y’ibisate byinshi n’imihanda yimodoka igice cy’umuhanda kiri hakurya y’umurongo mugari wera ucibwa ku muhanda ngo ugaragaze inkombe mpimbano zawo kigenewe ibi bikurikira:

Ibimenyetso by’agateganyo bigizwe n’imitemeri y’ibara risa n’icunga rihishije bishobora gusimbura ibi bikurikira:

Iyo bitagishoboka kubona muri m 200 imodoka zikuruwe n’inyamaswa, ingorofani, inyamaswa zitwaye imizigo cyangwa zigenderwamo kimwe n’amatungo bigomba kurangwa na :

Uretse igihe hari amategeko yihariye akurikizwa muri ako karere ikinyabiziga cyose gihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini, iyo gihagaze mu mwanya wo kuruhande wagenewe abanyamaguru, kugirango bashobore kugenda batagombye kunyura mu muhanda, umuyobozi agombye kubasigira akayira gafite byibura ibipimo bikurikira by’ubugari:

Icyapa cyerekana ahantu hagenewe guhagararwamo n’imodoka nini zagenewe gutwara abantu cyirangwa n’ubuso bw’amabara akurikira:

Icyapa cyerekana ko inzira giteyeho mu ntangiriro idakomeza kigaragazwa n’ikirango (ikimenyetso) cy’amabara akurikira:

Buri modoka yagenewe gutwara abantu, ariko umubare wabo ntarengwa ukaba munsi ya 6 umuyobozi abariwemo igomba kugira imikandara yo kurinda ibyago igenewe aba bakurikira:

Usibye ibinyabiziga by'ingabo z'Igihugu, Ikinyabiziga kigendeshwa na moteri kiriho ibyuma ntamenwa cyangwa ikindi cyose gituma gikoreshwa mu gutera cyangwa mu kwitabara ntigishobora kugenda mu nzira nyabagendwa kidafite uruhushya rwihariye. Urwo ruhushya rutangwa naba bakurikira:

Iyo umukumbi ugizwe n’amatungo maremare arenze ane cyangwa amatungo magufi arenze atandatu mu nzira nyabagendwa iyo hatakibona neza kuburyo umuyobozi abona muri m 200 ugomba kugaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira:

Ibinyabiziga biherekeranyije mu butumwa ntibishobora gutonda uburebure burenga umurongo wa m 500. Iyi bibaye bityo ibinyabiziga biherekeranye mu butumwa bishobora kugabanwamo amatsinda atonze umurongo atarengeje m 50 z’uburebure kdi hagati yayo hakaba byibura m 50 ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa kubinyabiziga bikurikira:

Iyo ikinyabiziga gikururwa n’inyamaswa nacyo gikuruye ikindi uburebure bw’ibikururwa bukaba burenga m 18 hatabariwemo icyo kinyabiziga cya mbere kiziritseho hagomba ibi bikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira ntibitegetswe kugira ibimenyetso bibyerekana iyo byambukiranya umuhanda cyangwa bigenda ku ruhande rwawo:

Icyapa cy’inyongera kigaragaza ikibanza cy’ingando cyangwa cy’abantu benshi bagendera ku nyamaswa kirangwa n’amabara akurikira:

Icyapa cyerekana ahantu amategeko y’ Umuhanda urombeje w’ibice byinshi atangirira gukurikizwa, kirangwa n’ibirango (ibimenyetso) by’amabara akurikira:

Igihe ikorwa ry’imirimo ribangamiye cyane cyangwa buke uburyo bwo kugenda mu nzira nyabagendwa, ahakorerwa imirimo hagaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Iyo mu muhanda, imirimo yihariye ubugari butuma abayobozi bagomba kuva mu mwanya wabo usanzwe kugirango bakomeze urugendo, ahategetswe kunyurwa hagaragazwa n’ikimenyetso gishyirwa aho imirimo irangirira mu ruhande rugenderwamo. Icyo kimenyetso kirangwa n’amabara akurikira:

Icyapa cyerekana ko hari amabwiriza yihariye mu buryo bwo kugendera mu cyambu cyangwa ku kibuga cy’indege giteye ku buryo bukurikira:

Nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye, itara ribonesha icyapa kiranga numero y’ikinyabiziga rigomba gutuma izo numero zisomerwa nibura mu ntera ikurikira:

Ibyapa byerekana icyago cyidahoraho kandi bigenewe kwerekana aho bagana cyangwa aho berekeza umuhanda nk’igihe cy’impanuka cyangwa hari imirimo ikorwa mu muhanda birangwa n’amabara akurikira:

Birabujijwe kubangamira imigendere isanzwe y’ibindi binyabiziga kubera ibi bikurikira:

Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibihe bimeze bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, mu nzira nyabagendwa, romoruki iziritse kuri velomoteri cyangwa ipikipiki idafite akanyabiziga ku ruhande, uretse velomoteri idafite umuyobozi, kandi uburumbarare bwayo, cyangwa bw’ibyo yikoreye bukaba butuma itara ry’ikinyabiziga biyikurura ritagaragara, iyo romoruki igaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Amatara maremare y’ikinyabiziga agomba kuzimwa mu bihe bikurikira:

Iyo akanyabiziga gasunikwa cyangwa ibyo gatwaye bidatuma umuyobozi abona neza imbere ye, uwo muyobozi agomba gukora ibi bikurikira:

Uretse igihe hari amategeko yihariye akurikizwa muri ako karere cyangwa imitunganyirize bwite y’aho, ikinyabiziga cyose cyangwa inyamaswa ihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini igomba kuba iri aha hakurikira:

Iyo ikinyabiziga gihagaritswe n’ijoro ku buryo abayobozi bakigana badashobora kumenya ko kibabereye imbogamizi, kigomba kurangirwa kure n’ikimenyetso cyabigenewe kiri ahantu hagaragara kugirango kiburire hakiri kare abandi bayobozi baza bagisanga, ariko ntibireba ibinyabiziga bikurikira:

Abanyamaguru batatanye cyangwa bagize udutsiko tudafatanyije gahunda kdi batanayobowe n’umwarimu bategetswe kunyura mu tuyira turi ku mpande z’umuhanda no ku nkengero zigiye hejuru uretse ubutaka butsindagiye butandukanya imihanda ibiri bwo kunyurwamo gusa n’aba bakurikira:

Ibinyabiziga biherekeranyije mu butumwa ntibishobora gutonda uburebure burenga umurongo wa m 500, iyo bibaye bityo ibinyabiziga biherekeranyije mu butumwa bishobora kugabanywamo amatsinda atonze umurongo utarengeje ibipimo bikurikira:

Ibyapa byereka inkomane y’inzira nyabagendwa n’inzira ya gariyamoshi bigomba iteka kumurikwa cyangwa kugarura urumuri ku buryo bigaragarira nibura mu ntera ikurikira igihe ijuru rikeye:

Imbibi ziri ku mpera z’ubwihugiko bw’abanyamaguru kandi ziri mu muhanda kimwe n’imbibi n’ibindi bikoresho bigenewe gutuma bagenda mu muhanda nta muvundo zisigwa irangi ry’ibara rikurikira:

Kugirango ikinyabiziga kive ahantu hari urwondo cyangwa hanyerera bidasanzwe hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bukurikira:

Iyo imizigo igizwe n’ibinyampeke, ikawa, amakara, ubwatsi bw’amatungo bidahambiriye, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera kuri m2 na cm75 ariko iyo iyo mizigo ijyanwa mu karere katarenga km25 uvuye aho yapakiriwe, usibye mu nsisiro, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:

Mu mujyi no ku mihanda y’igihugu igenwa na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, ubwikorere ntarengwa ku ikamyo iyo ariyo yose ntibushobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Iyo bitewe n’imiterere y’ahantu intera itandukanya icyapa n’ahantu habi iri munsi ya m150 ku buryo bugaragara, iyo ntera yerekanishwa icyapa cy’inyongera giteye ku buryo bukurikira:

Nijoro, amatara yo kubisikana y’ibara ryera cyangwa y’umuhondo agomba, igihe ijoro rikeye kumurika mu muhanda nibura mu ntera ikurikira:

Ikintu cyose cyatuma hahindurwa ibyanditse bireba nyirikarita cyangwa ibiranga ikinyabiziga kigomba kumenyeshwa ibiro by’umusoro haba mu magambo cyangwa mu ibaruwa ishinganye ibyo bikorwa mu gihe kingana gute:

Kugirango berekane ahantu habi cyane, hakoreshwa ikimenyetso cy’itara ry’umuhondo rimyasa, rivuga uburenganzira bwo gutambuka icyo kimenyetso barushijeho kwitonda. Ese icyo kimenyetso gihindura iki ku mategeko agenga gutambuka mbere:

Romoruki zifite ubugari ntarengwa bwa sentimetero 80 zishobora gushyirwaho akagarurarumuri kamwe gusa iyo zikuruwe n’ibinyabiziga bikurikira:

Amatara maremare y’ibara ryera cyangwa ry’umuhondo agomba nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye kumurika mu ntera ikurikira ku binyabiziga bifite moteri itarengeje ingufu zigera kuri sentimetero kibe 125

Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibintu bimeze bitagishoboka kubona muri m 200, ibinyabiziga cyangwa imitwaro bifite ubugari burenga m 2.50 iyo bigenda mu nzira nyabagendwa bigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Igice cy’umuhanda kiri hakurya y’umurongo mugari wera udacagaguye ugaragaza inkombe mpimbano y’umuhanda kiba kigenewe ibi bikurikira:

Iminyururu n’ibindi byuma bifashisha bishobora kuvanwaho cyangwa binagana, hatabariwemo ibimenyetso byerekana ibyerekezo bigomba gutungurwa ku kinyabiziga ku buryo igihe byizunguza bitarenga impande zihera uburumbarare bw’ikinyabiziga kandi ibyo byuma bifashisha ntibigomba gukururuka ku butaka ariko ibyo ntibibujijwe ku binyabiziga bikurikira:

Ku binyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntigishobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Uretse bibonewe uruhushya, ubundi birabujijwe gushyira no gukomeza kugendesha imodoka cyangwa romoruki mu nzira nyabagendwa iyo uburemere bw’ibyikorewe burenze uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe n’ikarita iranga ikinyabiziga ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku binyabiziga bikurikira:

Gushyira mu muhanda ku buryo budasanzwe ibinyabiziga bikururana birenze bitatu bigomba gutangirwa uruhusa, uretse imashini ihinga iyo zigenda uregendo rutarenze km 25, ibinyabiziga bikururana bitwaye ibyamamazwa n’ibindi biteganwa n’iri teka ariko igiteranyo cy’uburebure bw’ibyo binyabiziga bikururana ntigishobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Ibinyamitende itatu bifite moteri bigomba kugira amatara akurikira:

Ibyapa bibuza n’ibitegeka bikurikizwa gusa aha hakurikira:

Icyapa cy’inyongera kerekana aho bagobokera ibinyabiziga kirangwa n’amabara akurikira:

Icyapa cyerekana uburebure bw’igice cyatera ibyago cyangwa bw’ahantu amabwiriza y’icyo cyapa agomba gukurikizwa kirangwa n’ubuso n’ibimenyetso bikurikira:

Umurongo w’umuhondo ucagaguye uciye ku nkombe nyayo y’umuhanda, umusezero w’inzira y’abanyamaguru cyangwa w’inkengero y’umuhanda yegutse uvuga ibi bikurikira:

Ku binyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntigishobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Mu migi no ku yindi mihanda y’igihugu igenwa na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu uburebure ntarengwa kuri buri mitambiko 3 ifungwaho ibiziga bine ni:

Iyo hagati y’uruhande rw’imbere rwa romoruki n’uruhande rw’inyuma rw’ikinyabiziga kiyikurura hari umwa]nya urenze m 3 ikibizirikanyije kigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira iyo amatara y’ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa:

Itara ryo guhagarara ry’ibara ritukura rigomba kuba ridahumisha, kandi rigomba kugaragarira mu ntera ikurikira:

Birabujijwe kongera ku mpande z’ikinyabiziga kigendeshwa na moteri cyangwa velomoteri ibi bikurikira:

Ikintu cyose cyatuma hahindurwa ibyanditswe bireba nyirikarita cyangwa ibiranga ikinyabiziga kigomba kumenyeshwa ibiro by’imisoro haba mu magambo cyangwa mu ibaruwa ishinganye. Ibyo bikorwa mu gihe kingana gute:

Kunyuranaho bikorerwa:

Iyo ubugari bw’inzira nyabagendwa igenderwamo n’ibinyabiziga budahagije kugirango bibisikane nta nkomyi abagenzi bategetswe:

Umuyobozi ugenda mu muhanda igihe ubugari bwawo budatuma anyuranaho nta nkomyi ashobora kunyura mu kayira k’abanyamaguru ariko amaze kureba ibi bikurikira:

Icyapa cyerekana umuvuduko ntarengwa ikinyabiziga kitagomba kurenza gishyirwa ku binyabiziga bifite uburebure ntarengwa bukurikira:

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa w’amapikipiki mu isaha ni:

Ahatari mu nsisiro umuvuduko ntarengwa wa velomoteri mu isaha ni:

Birabujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira:

Amatara maremare y’ikinyabiziga agomba kutamurika mu bihe bikurikira:

Ubugari bwa romoruki ikuruwe n’igare cyangwa velomoteri ntiburenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango ikinyabiziga kigende gahoro igihe feri idakora neza bwitwa:

.Nta mwanya n’umwe feri ifungiraho ushobora kurekurana n’ibiziga keretse:

Ikinyabiziga ntigishobora kugira amatara arenze abiri y’ubwoko bumwe keretse kubyerekeye amatara akurikira:

Itara ndanganyuma rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

Nibura ikinyabiziga gitegetswe kugira uduhanagurabirahuri dukurikira:

Ibiziga by’ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri n’ibya velomoteri kimwe n’ibya romoruki zabyo bigomba kuba byambaye inziga zihagwa zifite amano n’ubujyakuzimu butari munsi ya milimetero imwe ku migongo yabyo yose, n’ubudodo bwabyo ntibugire ahantu na hamwe bugaragara kdi ntibigire aho byacitse bikomeye mu mpande zabyo. Ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku binyabiziga bikurikira:

Birabujijwe kugenza ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri na za romoruki zikururwa nabyo, iyo ibiziga byambaye inziga zidahagwa cyangwa inziga zikururuka zifite umubyimba uri hasi ya cm 4. Ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku binyabiziga bikurikira:

Imirongo yera iteganye n’umurongo ugabanya umuhanda mo kabiri mu burebure bwawo ugaragaza:

Iyo harimo indi myanya birabujijwe gutwara ku ntebe y’imbere y’imodoka abana badafite imyaka ikurikira:

Iyo ikinyabiziga kitagikora cyangwa cyoherejwe mu mahanga burundu ibyapa ndanga bigomba gukurwaho bikoherezwa mu biro by’imisoro, ibyo bikorwa mu gihe kingana gute:

Inkombe z’inzira nyabagendwa cyangwa z’umuhanda zishobora kugaragazwa n’ibikoresho ngarurarumuri ibyo bikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ku buryo abagenzi babibona ku buryo bukurikira:

Iyo kuyobya umuhanda ari ngombwa bigaragazwa kuva aho uhera no kuburebure bwawo n’icyapa gifite ubuso bw’amabara akurikira:

Ku mihanda yagenwe na minisitiri ubifite mu nshingano ibyapa biburira n’ibyapa byerekana bigomba kugaragazwa kuva bwije kugera bukeye n’urumuri rwihariye cyangwa amatara ku mihanda cyangwa ibintu ngarurarumuri. Igihe ijuru rikeye intera y’ahagaragara igomba kuba nibura:

Ibizirikisho by’iminyururu cyangwa by’insinga kimwe n’ibindi by’ingoboka bikoreshwa gusa igihe nta kundi umuntu yabigenza kandi nta kindi bigiriwe uretse gusa kugirango ikinyabiziga kigere aho kigomba gukorerwa kandi nturenze na rimwe km 20 mu isaha, ibyo bizirikisho bigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Uretse mu mijyi, kuyindi mihanda yagenywe na minisiteri ushinzwe gutwara ibintu n’abantu, uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ku binyabiziga bifatanye bifite imitambiko itatu ni:

Uretse mu mujyi kuyindi mihanda yajyenwe na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, uburemere ntarengwa ku binyabiziga bifite imitambiko itatu cyangwa irenga hatarimo mukuzungu ni :

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zidafite ibizibuza kwiceka kuberako ariko zakozwe ni:

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zidafite ibizibuza kwiceka kuberako ariko zakozwe ni:

Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira :

Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibihe bimeze nk’igihe cy’ibihu cyangwa cy’imvura bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, udutsiko twose tw’abanyamaguru nk’imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw’abanyeshuri bari ku murongo bayobowe n’umwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe bagomba kugaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira:

Imburira zimurika zemerewe gukoreshwa kugirango bamenyeshe umuyobozi ko bagiye kumunyuraho aha hakurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari bufite ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze kuburyo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kiba kiri hasi y’ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:

Ahari hejuru cyane y’ubuso bumurika h’amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira hejuru y’ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara risa n’icyatsi kibisi bituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira: