Anatomy

Physiology

Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
Inspection

chemical level (atoms and molecules)

Integumentary
lymphatic
skeletal

immune
muscular
respiratory

nervous
digestive
endocrine

urinary
cardiovascular
reproductive

metabolism
responsiveness
movement
growth
differentiation
reproduction

sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

catabolism
anabolism

ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment

motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, or even organelles inside cells

an increase in size and complexity, due to an increase in the number of cells, size of cells, or both

the change in a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state

the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual

condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant, within physiological limits

intracellular
extracellular
interstitial

body fluids INSIDE cells

body fluids OUTSIDE cells

body fluids BETWEEN cells of tissues

sometimes referred to as the body's internal environment

plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor and vitreous body

2 systems that regulate the body

detects change and SENDS NERVE IMPULSES to counteract disruption

regulates homeostasis by SECRETING HORMONES

nervous system -
rapid changes or slow changes?

endocrine system -
rapid changes or slow changes

pH, Temperature, Wastes, Nutrients, Electrolytes, CO2, O2, Water (bodily fluids)

CYCLE OF EVENTS in which information about the status of a condition is continually monitored and fed back (reported) to a central control region

any DISRUPTION that changes the controlled condition

MONITORS changes in a controlled condition and SENDS INPUT in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center

SETS THE RANGE of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, EVALUATES INPUT it receives from receptors, GENERATES OUTPUT commands

body structure that RECEIVES output commands when they are needed and PRODUCES A RESPONSE or EFFECT that changes the controlled condition

REVERSES the original stimulus and REVERSES a change in a controlled condition (ex: brings heart rate down)

ENHANCES the original stimulus and strengthens or REINFORCES a change

Imbalances in the _________ system can lead to disease or death

Name the 2 main body positions

standardized method of OBSERVING or IMAGING the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references

In anatomical body position, subject stands _______ facing the _________ upper extremities are placed at the _______, palms turned ______ and feet _______ on the floor

RECLINING
body lying face down

RECLINING
body lying face up

imaginary flat surfaces that DIVIDE the body or organs into definite areas

plane that separates left side of body from the right

plane that separates front of body from the back

plane that separates top of body from the lower body (cross sectional)

plane that separates body at an angle

antebrachial
antecubial
axillary
brachial
buccal
carpal
are examples of ________ names

cephalic
cervical
cranial
crural
femoral
gluteal
are examples of ________ names

hallux
inguinal (iliac)
lumbar
mental
olecranal
orbital/ocular
are examples of ________ names

oral
patellar
phalanges
plantar
pollex
popliteal
are examples of ________ names

sacral
sural
tarsal
thoracic
umbilical
are examples of ________ names

anterior
ventral
cephalic
posterior
dorsal
superficial
are examples of ________ terms

deep
superior
inferior
proximal
distal
medial
are examples of ________ names

lateral
contralateral
ipsilateral
are examples of ________ names

opposite sides is referred to as _____lateral

same sides is referred to as _____lateral

inferior is ________superior

superior is _________ inferior

superficial is ___________ deep

deep is __________ superficial

directional term that refers to the front

spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs

posterior or back is also known as _________

body cavity that houses cranial bones and brain

the DORSAL body cavity that houses vertebral bones and spinal cord

the ANTERIOR body cavity that is subdivided by the diaphragm and contains viscera

Thoracic is in the _________ cavity

what cavity are these in?
2 pleural (lungs)
pericardial (heart)
mediastinum (between lungs)

thoracic is in _________ the cranial cavity

together these 2 make up what cavity?
abdominal
pelvic

thin, slippery serous _________ covers the viscera (organs of ventral cavity) in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

lines the WALLS of the cavities

covers the viscera (organs) in the cavities

_______ fluid between the 2 membrane layers reduces friction and allows the viscera (organs) to slide somewhat during movements

fluid responsible for allowing organs to slide somewhat

pleural
pericardium
peritoneum

These are the 3 _________ membranes

what are the 3 serous membranes

pleural membrane surrounds the _____

pericardium surrounds the ________

peritoneum surrounds the _________

name the CENTER REGION of the body

name the 3 regions that are superior to the umbilical

which 2 regions are lateral to the umbilical region

which region is inferior to the umbilical region

which 2 regions are lateral to the hypogastric region

Name the 4 quadrants of the body