The central nervous system consists of the __________ and the _________.

Select one:
a. brain; spinal cord
b. brain; peripheral nervous system
c. left cerebral hemisphere; right cerebral hemisphere
d. sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system

The CNS is made up of two general classes of cells:

Select one:
a. hormones and neurotransmitters
b. afferent and efferent
c. neurons and glia
d. somatosensory and skeletal

Neurons are made up of:

Select one:
a. interneurons, nuclei and dendrites
b. sensory and motor processes
c. glial cells
d. cell body, axon and dendrites

Grace was out on a crowded dance floor when the person dancing next to her accidentally kicked her in the leg. Which type of neuron carried the pain information from her leg to her central nervous system?

Select one:
a. Interneurons
b. Sensory neurons
c. Motor neurons
d. Primary neurons

The spinal reflex arc is:

Select one:
a. explains why we avoid painful stimuli
b. mediated by the brain
c. primitive and only existed in dinosaurs
d. controlled entirely at the level of the spinal cord

Neurons communicate

Select one:
a. Chemically within a neuron and electrically between neurons
b. Electrically both within and between neurons
c. Electrically within a neuron and chemically between neurons
d. Chemically both within and between neurons

Which of the following is FALSE about action potentials?

Select one:
a. If activation in a neuron is not large enough to generate an action potential, no increase in neurotransmitter release from that neuron will be observed
b. Myelin around axons causes action potentials to travel rapidly
c. Action potentials in a neuron can be smaller or larger, depending on the number of presynaptic cells synapsing on the dendrites of that neuron, and the strength of the signal from those presynaptic cells
d. When an action potential arrives at the end of a neuron, it initiates a release of neurotransmitter substance into the synaptic cleft

If a drug increases the rate of reuptake this will:

Select one:
a. prolong the effects of the neurotransmitter
b. diminish the effects of the neurotransmitter
c. have no impact on effects of the neurotransmitter
d. strengthen the effects of the neurotransmitter

Dendrites on neurons do ________; they do not _________:

Select one:
a. collect excitatory and inhibitory potentials; transmit action potentials
b. make electrical contacts with other neurons; make chemical contacts with other neurons
c. collect action potentials; collect excitatory and inhibitory potentials
d. transmit action potentials; collect excitatory and inhibitory potentials

Suppose a single postsynaptic neuron receives input from many fast synapses. What will determine its response to this input?

Select one:
a. It will either produce an action potential or not, depending entirely upon whether it is an excitatory or inhibitory neuron
b. It will chemically “track” the incoming signals one by one, such that it will produce an action potential each time an excitatory signal arrives at a synapse and will skip an action potential each time an inhibitory signal arrives at a synapse
c. It will produce an action potential if the number of incoming excitatory signals exceeds a certain threshold number and will not produce one otherwise
d. It will integrate the incoming excitatory and inhibitory signals, with its rate of action potentials depending on the relative amount of each type of signal

Which of the following would not be classified as a subcortical structure of the brain?

Select one:
a. the brainstem
b. the amygdala
c. the medulla
d. the cerebral cortex

Which of the following is NOT true?

Select one:
a. The brainstem and hypothalamus are both important for controlling functions involved in survival like eating and sleeping
b. All sensory information is relayed to the brain via the hypothalamus
c. The limbic system is important for memory, motivation and emotion
d. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are involved in movement and in types of learning and memory

Due to a minor stroke, Kerry has a tiny lesion in the left primary visual cortex, the most likely result will be

Select one:
a. slight weakness in the muscles that control the contralateral eye
b. a small "hole" in a particular region of the left visual field
c. a small "hole" in a particular region of the right visual field
d. a tiny lesion is unlikely to have any effects on vision

A structure in the limbic system that plays an important role in the formation of memories is the:

Select one:
a. amygdala
b. hippocampus
c. hypothalamus
d. Basal ganglia

Which of the following structures, located in the middle of the brain, is often described as being the relay station connecting various parts of the brain?

Select one:
a. The cerebellum
b. The hypothalamus
c. The thalamus
d. The limbic system

After being in a car accident, Geoff began having problems concentrating, and paying attention to things. His wife noticed that this normally tidy man was messy and disorganized, and a colleague at work recently complained that Geoff behaved inappropriately towards her. Which of the following lobes of the brain was most likely damaged?

Select one:
a. temporal
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. occipital

Broca and Wernicke's aphasia can be distinguished because Broca's involves the _____area of the brain and results in difficulty with speech __________whereas Wernicke's involves the ______ area and results in difficulty with speech ____________.

Select one:
a. temporal/parietal, comprehension; frontal, production
b. frontal , production; temporal/parietal, comprehension
c. frontal, comprehension; temporal/parietal, production
d. temporal/parietal, production; frontal, comprehension

n split-brain studies, when a picture of a common object was flashed to the left visual field, the patient typically would be unable to _____, but would be able to _____.

Select one:
a. identify it by touch with the right hand; identify it verbally
b. identify it verbally; identify it by touch with the right hand
c. identify it verbally; identify it by touch with the left hand
d. identify by touch with the left hand; identify it verbally

Which of the following is TRUE about hemispheric specialization?

Select one:
a. The left hemisphere receives sensory information from the left side of the body, and the right hemisphere from the right side
b. The left hemisphere is logical and analytic, whereas the right hemisphere is creative and intuitive
c. The right hemisphere generally has no language ability
d. The left hemisphere is generally specialized for language function, while the right hemisphere seems to be better at appreciating spatial relationships among objects

Which of the following is FALSE about brain plasticity?

Select one:
a. All learning and memory requires a physical change in the brain
b. The environmental richness of the environment in which they grow up is positively correlated with the structural complexity and size of rats' brains
c. After childhood, the functional organization of the human brain is unchangeable
d. Early-life stress can produce physical changes in the brain