Transmutation

Nuclide

Notation for neutron

Notation for proton

Notation for an electron

Radioactive Decay

What does NOT affect the intensity of radiation?

Alpha Particles

Beta Particles

Gamma rays

What happens when a nuclide decays?

Alpha decay

Beta decay

Positron emission

Positron

Electron capture

Gamma emission

What two factors determine the stability of a nuclide?

Band of stability

As Z increases, the N/Z for a stable nuclei gradually _________.

All nuclides with Z > ___ are unstable

If the N/Z ratio is too HIGH...

If the N/Z ratio is too LOW...

Electrostatic Repulsive Forces

Strong Force

What leads to greater stability?

Elements with an _____ number of protons (Z) have a larger number of stable nuclides

Nuclide type: neutron-rich
Description: high N/Z
Mode of Decay: β- decay (lowers N/Z)

Nuclide type: proton-rich
Description: low N/Z
Mode of Decay: β+ emission or e- capture (increases N/Z)

Nuclide Type: heavy nuclides
Description: Z > 83
Mode of Decay: α decay (reduces both Z & N

Decay Series

What are three ways to detect radioactivity?

1 Ci (curie) = 3.70e10 d/s

The rate of radioactive decay (activity-A) is proportional to the ________.

Radioactive decay follows ________

rate constant = ___________

The larger the k value, the _________ the activity of the substance

Half-Life

Half-Life of 14C

Radioisotopes

Radiocarbon Dating

The mass of the nucleus is less than....

Mass always __________ when nucleons form a nucleus

Nuclear Binding Energy

Electron Volt (eV)

nucleus + nuclear binding energy --> nucleons

1 amu = 931.5e6 eV = 931.5 MeV

The binding energy/nucleon peaks at elements with a mass number ________.

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fusion

Critical Mass