Pharmacology

The somatic autonomic( somatic, autonomic ) nerves innervate skeletal smooth( skeletal, smooth ) (voluntary) muscles. It consists of one two three( one, two, three ) axon all the way from the spinal cord to the muscle (no ganglia one ganlion two ganglia( no ganglia, one ganlion, two ganglia )). Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter. It acts on dopamine muscarinic nicotinic( dopamine, muscarinic, nicotinic ) receptors located on smooth skeletal( smooth, skeletal ) muscle membranes. Muscarinic Nicotinic Dopamine( Muscarinic, Nicotinic, Dopamine ) receptors are linked to a potassium sodium calcium( potassium, sodium, calcium ) ion channel.

The parasympathetic nervous system has a long short( long, short ) pre-ganglionic nerve and a short long( short, long ) post-ganglionic nerve. The sympathetic nerve has a short long( short, long ) pre-ganglionic nerve and a long short( long, short ) post ganglionic nerve. Both pre-ganglionic nerve(s) release ACh NA( ACh, NA ) to act on nicotinic receptors on post-ganglionic nerve. In the parasympathetic nervous system the post-ganglionic nerves release ACh NA( ACh, NA ) to act on the muscarinic receptors on effector cells. In the sympathetic nervous system most post-ganglionic nerves release NA ACh( NA, ACh ) to act on the muscarinic receptors on alpha and beta adrenoceptors on effector cells.

Drugs that interfere with processing of Ach:

Vesamicol Botulinum toxin Anticholinesterases Hemicholinium( Vesamicol, Botulinum toxin, Anticholinesterases, Hemicholinium ) – blocks transfer of Ach into vesicles
Vesamicol Botulinum toxin Hemicholinium Anticholinesterases( Vesamicol, Botulinum toxin, Hemicholinium, Anticholinesterases ) – blocks release of ACh from nerve endings
Anticholinesterases Botulinum toxin Vesamicol Hemicholinium( Anticholinesterases, Botulinum toxin, Vesamicol, Hemicholinium ) – prevent the hydrolysis of ACh by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
Botulinum toxin Vesamicol Hemicholinium Anticholinesterases( Botulinum toxin, Vesamicol, Hemicholinium, Anticholinesterases ) – blocks uptake of choline by NMJ