Mary Kaldor - New and Old Wars

New type of organised violence developed - globalised era
New wars involve a blurring of the distinction between war, organised crime and large-scale violations of human rights
New wars = internal/civil wars, or 'low-intensity conflicts'
Wars localised but involve a myriad of transnational connections
Distinction between internal and external, between aggression, between local and global are difficult to sustain
GUERRILLA WARFARE, ISIS
Some describe new wars as privatised or informal wars
Distinction between what is private and what is public, state and non-state, informal and formal, what is done for economic and what for political motives, cannot be easily applied
VIRTUAL WARS, CYBER-SPACE
Martin Shaw - 'degenerate warfare'
John Mueller - 'remnants of war'
Frank Hoffman - 'hybrid wars'
Old wars have declined and has left banditry often disguised as political conflict
Growing illegitimacy - need for cosmopolitan political response
Globalisation been a reason for changes that characterise the contemporary period and have influenced the character of war
Modern war more precise and discriminate - advances in technology
Reproduce the appearance of classical war - front lines/aerial bombing
New wars reflect a power vacuum because of the transition period after the cold war
Global presence in new wars - reporters, mercenary troops, military advisors, armies of international agencies
Erosion of the monopoly of legitimate organised violence
War in Bosnia-Herzegovina - became the focus of global and European attention during the 1990s
New wars can be contrasted in terms of their goals, the methods of warfare and how they are financed
New wars have changed in organisational terms, they are highly decentralised and they operate through a mixture of confrontation and cooperation

	Criado por Annie May Jackson mais de 8 anos atrás

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