Physiological changes of neonate at birth and how midwife can optimise transition to extra-uterine life in first hour of life.

The Ductus Venosus is located in the ❌. It connects the umbilical vein to the left ❌ or ❌.

At birth, the sphincter close to the umbilical vein ❌ and the ductus venosus ❌. This becomes the ❌.

Blood continues to travel up the inferior vena cava, and enters the ❌ of the heart.
Some blood goes to the ❌, then to the pulmonary arteries. Only a small amount goes to the maturing lungs. The rest of blood is shunted away from lungs by the ❌ back to the aorta.
Most of the blood in the right atrium passes to the ❌ through the ❌. From the left atrium it flows to the left ventricle, and is then pumped to the ❌.

Eventually the ductus arteriosus becomes the ❌, and the foramen ovale becomes the ❌.

Factors that will initiate the first breath and lung expansion of the neonate are:
1) ❌ of the chest wall during vaginal delivery AND ❌ of the chest wall immediately after birth;
2) ❌ stimulation by the decrease in O2 and increase in CO2 in blood;
3) ❌ (touch, pressure and low environmental temperature);
4) Stimulation of the senses ❌.

At the time of birth blood effects the ❌ of the alveoli and clears ❌ from the alveoli.

During fetal life, the alveoli are filled with lung fluid. They are small and not expanded.

At birth, capillaries fully fill with ❌ for the first time, expanding so they become ❌ and actively ❌ the alveoli. This process is called ❌.

Lung fluid is not ❌ into ‘lung tissue’ which is an area for active gaseous exchange. The only way to clear lung fluid is through the intricate circulation established within the lung tissue immediately after birth.

The higher ❌ of the blood in the capillaries surrounding each alveolus ❌ the fluid from the lung.

Once a baby is born ❌ contact is preferable to prevent further ❌ and to regulate the ❌. Any part of the baby should be ❌ to prevent heat loss. The room should be ❌. Wet towels should be replaced with ❌. The ❌ may provide skin to skin if the mother cannot or does not want to