The Human genome is made up of approx 30,000 genes (in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
How do genes code more than one protein?
Reversed transcription
Gene modification
Differential splicing
What is the most versitile human gene?
The Slo gene
The Pap gene
The Hr4 gene
The human slo gene can make up to 500 different mRNA's and works in sound regulation
RNA cannot be edited after transcription
What is a common method of altering RNA?
Degrading cytosine to uracil
Degrading thymine to uracil
Degrading adenine to uracil
Approx 20% of cytosine is methylated
Cytosine methylation is restricted to where?
C's immediately 5' of guanidine
C's immediately 5' of adenine
C's immediately 3' of guanidine
C's immediately 3' of adenine
Methylated cytosine can spontaneously deanimate to thymine
Match the word to it's definition- where methylation is done upstream of a gene in order to pack it around the nucleosome and silence it
De-novo methylation
Maintentence Methylation
Maintanence methylation- added to newly synthesised DNA opposite methylated groups on the parent strand
Clusters in the human genome are the same as in the bacterial genome
What is a multigene family?
Where related genes of a similar function are found together
Where related genes of different functions are found together
Related genes with similar functions
Gene families are orthologues of each other
What is a pseudogene?
An inactive gene due to faulty (partial) replication of the original
A mutated gene that has become non-functional
Slowly more mutations accumulate
What is the difference between a pseudogene and a processed pseudogene?
The latter has no introns or promoter
The former contains no introns or promoter
The latter can be used to create mRNA (though it's non functional)
Processed pseudogenes are throught to be caused by the re-integration of siRNA into the genome
Gene fragments are sections that look like incomplete genes
Assuming the squares are all repeated units, what is the image an example of?
Iterspersed Repeated Intergenic DNA
Gene Clusters
Introns
Which of the following is not an Interpersed Repeated Intergenic DNA?
LINES
SINES
DNA transposons
MINES
Interspersed Repeating Intergenic DNA are DNA sections that replicate themselves as they move around the genome.
LTR's, LINE's and SINES's are transposed around the genome, how?
RNA
DNA
Proteins
DNA transposons also have an RNA intermediate
Satellites, Minisatellites and Microsatellites are all examples of what?
Tandemly repeated extragenic DNA
Interspersed Replicating Integrated Elements
Interspersed Repeating Intergenic elements
Microsatellites are caused by replication slippage
Tandemly Repeating Extragenic DNA is useful for what?
Splicing
DNA fingerprinting
Genome mapping
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